遥感技术在湖泊环境变化研究中的应用和展望

Application and Prospect of Remote Sensing Techniques to Lake Environmental Monitoring

遥感技术由于能够快速、宏观的获得研究区域的数据,已成为湖泊环境动态变化监测的重要技术手段。高分辨率的卫星遥感图像不仅可以为准确判读湖区地质地貌、自然与人为作用下的环境变化、盐湖矿产资源的分布等提供直观的影像,还能为湖泊水质监测、水深检测、水面温度反演以及盐湖卤水动态分析提供有价值的信息。遥感技术在湖泊环境变化研究中的应用正逐步从定性发展为定量研究,因此,对于区分湖泊水体中不同组分对遥感图像各光谱值的贡献等遥感机理的认识及理论尚需进一步深化,同时需要对处理遥感数据所运用的统计分析方法做进一步的改进以建立更加完善的遥感模型。今后,遥感技术和地理信息系统等多种信息处理工具的结合将是环境信息系统发展的主要方向。

Abstract： Remote sensing technique has recently become one of the important means for observing and monitoting dynamic changes of large lakes, since it holds the advantage of collecting large-scale geographic information in a convenient and fast way. Satellite images with high-resolution can be used to obtain information on water quality, surface temperature and water depth of a large lake and on dynamic distribution of brine in salt lakes, in addition to providing straightforward pictures helpful of identifying geomorphologic features in lake areas and environmental change with time, which was resulted from either natural processes or human activities.Better methods distinguishing the contribution of various components to the sensing spectrum and a better understanding on related sensing mechanism are urged in aiming at quantitative applications to lake research. A further improvement of statistic methods applied in dealing with sensing data is required in order to upgrade models with better precision. Future direction of developing this discipline is to innovate new means combining a variety of tools from RS and GIS for information analysis.