公共支出对我国技术效率的影响分析

An Analysis of Public Expenditure Effect over the Technique Efficiency in China

文章首先应用随机前沿方法,估计了我国31省市的时变随机前沿生产函数模型,结果表明提高公共支出占GDP的比例能显著地降低技术效率,而提高公共支出的组成部分占GDP的比例对技术效率有显著的促进作用,其现实意义就是优化公共支出结构对我国的技术效率有促进作用。其次,计算了我国31省市的技术效率,结果发现东部与西部之间的技术效率差距较大,而且在进一步扩大之中。再次,对TFP变化率进行了分解,分析表明:不论是从全国还是从东中西部三地区看,对技术效率影响最大的因素都是规模经济性,而技术进步和资源配置效率影响较小。最后,根据我国目前以规模经济性对TFP变化率为主要影响因素的实际情况,指出从公共收支视角来提高技术进步和资源配置效率对TFP变化率的影响,缩短东西部技术效率的差距,是一条高效率的公共支出发展之路。

In this paper, we use SFA to estimate time-variant stochastic frontier model of 31 cities of our country. The results tell us that raising the ratio of public expenditure to the GDP could lower the technique efficiency significantly while raising the ratio of some parts of the public expenditure to GDP could promote the technique efficiency, which hints us to turn the public expenditure structure to promote the technique efficiency. And then, we calculate the technique efficiency of 31 cities in China and find that the gap between eastern region and western region is getting bigger. Finally, by decomposing TFP, we draw some conclusions： the biggest influential factor of the technique efficiency is the scale economy, and the technique progress and resource allocation efficiency have the smaller influence. According to the main factor, we promote to raise the technique progress and allocative efficiency from the public expenditure and income to the influence of TFP variety rate, walk the road of a high-efficiency public expenditure.