角色的转变与回归——美国社会主流文化价值观下的妇女与第二次世界大战

The Transformation and Regression of Roles——American Women and World War II within the Dominant Culture of American Society

二战之前,美国主流文化赋予妇女的社会角色一直是家庭中的妻子和母亲。这一社会角色由于二战的爆发暂时地发生了改变。美国政府积极运用各种宣传手段,鼓励妇女在照顾家庭的同时参与和战争相关的各种工作,以缓解战时的劳动力缺乏。但是,随着战争结束,原有的主流文化重新回归,要求妇女回归到战前状态,将工作岗位归还给退伍军人。通过探索这种角色的转变与回归,可以看到上世纪40年代美国妇女生活中的巨大矛盾和冲突。

The dominant culture of American society has always delegated American women the roles of wives and mothers in their families. Due to the outbreak of World War Ⅱ, the ideology of woman changed temporarily. To alleviate the great shortage of manpower during the war, American government wielded all kinds of propaganda to encourage women to participate in the war while they took care of the families. However, with the approach of peace, American women had to suffer the regression at the request of the dominant culture. American women＇s new roles during the war and the traditional roles before and after the war fully demonstrate the conflict and paradox in their lives.