河流水资源结构分析研究

Structural analysis of river water resources

针对河流中水体的功能和作用,从生态保护、兴利运用和防洪减灾的角度出发,提出了河流水资源结构分析的思想和方法.河流水资源可划分为生态水量、安全水量、风险水量和灾害水量四部分,各部分水量由特定的流量来界定.以北方河流为背景,在对4种水量的概念及其功能与作用深入分析的基础上,提出了各类水量的计算方法;研究了松花江哈尔滨水文断面的水资源结构划分和各类水量分配规律.结果表明,所提出的方法可以对河流水资源进行定量分析,进而实现分类管理、高效利用.

Based on the function analysis of river water and the consideration of utilizing floodwater as a kind of water resources, a structural analysis method of river water resources is put forward. The method divides the whole volume of river water into four segments： environment water volume, safety water volume, risk water volume and disaster water volume. The boundary between two water volumes is determined by a special river flow, which is related to the situation of river bank and water demand. Taking the rivers in north China as the research background, the conceptions, the functions and the calculation of these four kinds of water volumes are discussed. For the practical application, Harbin hydrological station on main stream of Songhua River is taken as an example to study the river water resources structural division and the characteristics of each water volume. The result indicates that the analytic method presented can quantitatively classify river water resources. And it may be a theoretical basis for effectively using each portion of river water resources in a proper way.