厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮研究进展

Progress of biological nitrogen removal by anaerobic ammonium oxidation

1994年,荷兰学者首先在一个反硝化流化床中发现了厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)现象,后来的研究证明这是一种新型生物脱氮途径.由于ANAMMOX能同时去除氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮,且费用低,近10年来已成为生物脱氮新技术研究的热点.本文综述了ANAMMOX的反应机理,ANAMMOX菌的基本生理生化特征,国内外学者成功启动ANAMMOX反应过程的多种反应器,基于ANAMMOX原理开发的OLAND、SHARON-ANAM-MOX和CANON工艺,并简要报道了作者近期以垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理的硝化活性污泥为驯化微生物,成功地在56d里启动了ANAMMOX反应过程的结果.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation （ANAMMOX） was first discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor by scholars in the Netherlands and proved to be an innovative biological nitrogen removal method. ANAMMOX can remove ammonia and nitrite simultaneously at a low cost; therefore, more and more research has been focused on this field in the recent ten years. In this paper, the progress of investigation on ANAMMOX is reviewed. The mechanisms of biological reaction of ANAMMOX process and basic physiological properties of ANAMMOX microorganisms are discussed, and the start-up with different bioreactors is introduced. Furthermore, ANAMMOX technologies, such as OLAND, SHARONANAMMOX and CANON, are also briefly discussed. In addition, the primary results by the authors are briefly reported. A new ANAMMOX process with UASB-biofilm bioreactor was developed by using nitrifying bacteria from activated sludge treated with landfill leachate as the start-up acclimation microorganisms, and a short-term start-up period （56 days） was achieved successfully.