清代史馆的人员设置与管理机制

Staffing and Administration of History Bureaus in the Qing Dynasty

清代史馆是中国古代官方修史机构发展的最后阶段,它们充分吸收此前历朝设馆修史的经验,在人员设置、组织管理等方面都有着较为完善的制度。在人员设置上,各史馆之间相互参照,按分工不同分为管理人员、纂修人员、佐修人员和勤杂人员四大类。在人员组成上,汉人、满人等都占一定的比例,纂修人员具有很大的流动性。在管理上,清代史馆已经形成了一套行之有效的管理机制,制定史馆规章,建立考勤考绩制度,严格奖惩制度,提高了修史效率。同时,清代史馆在管理上也存在很多缺陷。

As the last phase of the official institution which recorded history in ancient China, the office of historiographer in Qing dynasty, assimilating the experience of previous dynasties, fomled some comparatively perfect systems in setting officeholders, organizing and so on. With great liquidity, the officeholders were divided in four types and they are managers, writers and compilers, assistants and logistics members including the Han nationality people and the Mans. As for the management, it had set up an effective system including mapping out rules, checking on work attendance and result, encouraging and punishing etc.. Surely, it had some disadvantages as well.