新疆主要湖泊、水库的水质综合特征评价模式及营养状态分析

Eutrophic Analysis and Integrated Water Quality Evaluation Model for Large Lakes and Reservoirs in Xinjiang

湖泊、水库水质恶化和富营养化已成为近年来较突出的环境问题。根据实测资料，采用水质综合评价模式对新疆主要湖泊、水库水质现状给出以《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)为依据的水质综合特征模式。该模式给出的信息量大，表达直观，不仅能给出各水质参数的水质类别，确定水域类别依据的参数，还能给出超V类水质参数的超标倍数。对湖泊、水库的营养状态做出评价，对于近一步研究湖、库水环境演变有着重要意义。

Deterioration of water quality and concentrated nutrition of lakes and reservoirs have become more serious since recent years. According to the measured data, in this paper the integrated model based on the “Criterion of Environmental Quality of Surface Water” （GB3838-2002） is used to evaluate water quality of the large lakes and reservoirs in Xinjiang. The model is characterized by more information and intuitionistic expression; it can be not only used to judge water quality of all the water quality parameters, but can also be used to determine the excessive multiple of water quality parameters. Moreover, it can be used to evaluate the nutrient situation of lakes and reservoirs, and it is of significance in further researching the environmental evolution of lakes and reservoirs. The results show that, among the evaluated 5 lakes in Xinjiang, 4 lakes are polluted to a certain extent except the Sayram Lake; the large reservoirs in Xinjiang are not polluted yet and their water quality is fine, some middle-sized reservoirs, however, are polluted to a certain extent; the concentrated nutrition of the lakes and reservoirs in Xinjiang is closely related to water pollution. In order to control water pollution of the lakes and reservoirs in Xinjiang, some measures are put forward, they are to control the excessive human activities and the pollution sources in the lake and reservoir areas, enhance the regeneration of ecological environment and the water and soil conservation in the lake and reservoir areas, enforce the environment management in the basins, work out the planning of water resources conservation and water quality management, etc.