中国西部干旱区生态景观制图的若干问题

Problems in Ecological Landscape Mapping for the Arid Areas in west China

制图方法是认识和揭示客观现象与过程的重要途径。生态景观制图作为专题制图学的一个重要方向，通过建立分类体系，制定分类方法，编制专题图件，可以反映自然要素和人为作用的特点，揭示生态景观要素的耦合关系。生态景观制图中专题要素的表现方式，制图过程的数据采集，制图单元的划分，制图的模式选择，以及遥感、GIS与数字制图手段的应用，是干旱区景观生态制图的关键问题。生态景观制图中的地图信息理论、地图模式论、地图分析理论、地图要素综合理论、制图工艺学等的发展，对于开拓资源环境制图学的新领域具有理论价值，并对生态规划与生态建设具有重要促进作用。

Cartography is an important approach to understand and reveal objective phenomena and process. Ecological landscape mapping is an important aspect in thematic cartography. Based on developing the classification systems and working out the classification methods, to chart the thematic maps can reveal the features of natural factors and the characteristics of human effects as well as the coupling relations among the ecological landscape factors. The issues, such as the representation mode of thematic factors in ecological landscape mapping, data collection in mapping process, partition of mapping cells, selection of mapping mode and application of remote sensing, GIS and digital mapping means, are essential in landscape ecology mapping for arid areas. It has the theoretical significance for developing the new fields in resources and environment mapping and can promote the ecological planning and regeneration to develop the rnap information theory in ecological landscape mapping, map mode theory, map analysis theory, synthetic theory of map factors, mapping technology, etc. In this paper, a case study on the ecological landscape mapping is carried out in the middle reaches of the Hotan River, Xinjiang, the types and spatial distribution of the ecological landscapes in the study area are revealed, and the interaction among all the landscape types is also revealed.