“标志性文化统领式”民俗志的理论与实践

"Representative Culture-Oriented" Writing Style of Folk Recordings: Theory and Practice

传统体例的民俗志对民俗事象的分类写作,存在着将作为整体并具有互释性的生活文化割裂的倾向。因此,在借鉴民族志书写模式与解释人类学等相关理论的基础上,结合对《北京市门头沟区民俗文化志》调查与写作实践的反思,提出“标志性文化”这一核心概念,倡导“标志性文化统领式”的新式民俗志写作,以提升抢救与保护民俗文化的认识水平。所谓标志性文化应具有:一、能反映这一地方的特殊历史进程和贡献;二、体现地方民众的集体性格和气质,具有薪尽火传的生命力;三、深刻地联系着地方民众的生活方式和诸多文化现象等三个主要特征。这种民俗志书写也将促进民俗文化调查的深入和研究范式的创新,间接对地方社会协调发展和增强社会自我调节能力具有参考价值。

The traditional classificatory writing style on folk affairs and phenomena has seen a segregation trend from the life and culture in question that bears the characteristic of holisticality and co-interpretativeness. Accordingly, the present author, who sets up his basis on the relevant theories of the styles of ethnological recordings and interpretative anthropology, puts forward - in regard to the investigation and writing practice of The Folk Culture Recordings of Beijing Mentougou District - the key concept of ＂Representative Culture＂ by means of a new style, i.e. ＂Representative Culture-Oriented＂ writing style of folk recordings, the purpose of which is to promote, rescue and protect the epistemological level of folk culture. The so-called representative culture should comprise of： （i） the unique historic process and contribution of the area per se; （ ii） the collective characteristic and temperament of the local people, who should enjoy the vitality of passing the legacy from generation to generation; and （iii） an essential association of the local people＇s life styles with the multiple cultural phenomena. Such a writing style could also facilitate further investigation of folk culture and the creation of the research paradigm, benefiting the harmonious development of the local society and its self-adjustment.