制度变革与人性发展

Changes in Institution and Development in Human Nature

人是社会发展和制度变革的中间环节,从人性论的视角解析制度是一个直接的有益的视角。马克思从人的需要、自由自觉的活动和人的社会关系三个方面理解人性,这是我们解析制度的理论依据。对历史和现实的考察,我们发现,在人们社会实践基础上制度与人性存在互动关系,制度的起源、变革体现着人性发展要求。构建适合人性发展要求的制度,必须在现实的人性基础上,至少解决四个矛盾:多数人与少数人人性发展差异的矛盾;秩序与自由的矛盾;制度稳定性和变动性的矛盾;公平与效率的矛盾。

Man is the media between social development and institution changes. So the analysis of human nature on institution is a direct and necessary perspective. Max understands human nature from three angles, i.e. want, free conscious activity and social relations, the three of which constitute the theoretical basis of analyzing institution. Then there is an interaction between institution and human nature in social practice. The origin and change of institution reflects the need of development of human nature. In order to develop institutions that meet human nature development we should on the real human nature aim at solving four contradictions： the contradiction of the developmental gap between the majority and the minority, that of order and freedom, institution stability and change and equality and efficiency.