植被覆盖的土质边坡土壤水分平衡模型及应用

Development and Application on Water Balance Model of Grass-covered Soil Slope

土壤水分平衡模型在洪水预测、土壤湿度计算、灌溉设计管理以及全球气候变化影响的仿真分析上十分重要。以英格兰南部Newbury一个高速公路旁的边坡为例,介绍了土壤水分平衡模型的建立及应用。潜在蒸散量根据每日的气象观测资料,用FAO Penman-Monteith公式进行计算。在此基础上,建立了水分平衡模型并进行了校核,计算出的土壤湿度变化与时域反射仪(TDR)探头测量的数据一致。还利用建立的模型,模拟了2080年的气候条件变化对潜在蒸散量和土壤水分含量的影响。结果表明,该地区的日平均潜在蒸散量将增加10.7%,土壤水分消耗量将增加16.8 mm。

Soil water balance models are especially important in the prediction of flood runoff, calculation of soil moisture content, design and management of irrigation and simulation of climate impact. An example of the development and application of soil water balance model used for a grass-covered soil slope in Newbury, UK, was introduced. Daily measured climate data are used to calculate potential evapotranspiration amount with FAO Penman-Monteith Equation. The model was calibrated and soil moisture change is consistent with time domain reflectrometry（TDR） data. The impacts of climate on potential evapotranspiration and soil water content under 2080＇s climatic condition were simulated with the model. The result shows that daily average potential evapotranspiration amount and soil moisture consumption will increase by 10.7% and 16.8 mm respectively in 2080.