澳大利亚灾害管理的特征及其启示

Characteristic of Disasters Management in Australia and Its Enlightenment

澳大利亚有较为完善的国家灾害管理体系,在灾害管理中,表现出:有较为先进的管理理念;法律依据充分;技术指导力度大、管理规范;以志愿者为特色的社会广泛参与;以风险管理为基本管理方式等特征。通过澳大利亚灾害管理的特征分析,作者认为,在中国灾害管理中应该重视:提高和统一管理者对自然灾害和灾害管理的科学认识;加强灾害法律法规体系和组织机构的建设;在减灾防灾工作中,除了应急响应和灾后重建工作外,还应加强灾前的预防和备灾工作;注重社区公共灾害意识和应急管理建设。

Australia has established an excellent national system of disasters management. Disasters management in Australia is characterized by sophisticated ideas of disasters management, strong legislation, solid technical instructions and normal operation, extensive involvements of volunteers and mode of risk management. Based on the above introduction, the author pro- poses the following points in order to improve disasters management in China： strengthening constructions on legislation and organization;enhancing researches on natural hazards and emergency management;using the risk management approach;concerning with prevention and preparedness;paying more attention to community.