中国辽宁省与美国近纬度地区新育成大豆品种的株型与产量的比较研究

COMPARISON ON THE PLANT TYPE AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES FROM CLOSE LATITUDE OF CHINA AND AMERICA

试验采用中国辽宁省与美国地理纬度相近、结荚习性相同的中国和美国大豆品种各4个,在相同种植条件下对株型性状进行了比较研究,探讨了大豆高产的株型特征。结果表明:美国大豆品种的节间较短、株高较矮,分枝数较多。美国大豆品种的叶片性状比较好,下部叶片为卵圆形,由下向上叶片逐节变长,中上部叶片较细小。美国大豆品种的荚数显著多于中国大豆品种,而百粒重却显著低于中国品种。在荚粒分布上,美国品种植株上层荚粒所占比例较小,下层荚粒所占比例较大,在同等种植条件下,美国大豆品种的产量显著高于中国品种。

8 varieties with the same growth habit were used in this experiment, among of them Hs93-4118, OhioFG1, Darby and Kottman 4 American soybean varieties are from Ohio State University; and 4 Chinese soybean varieties Liaodou-11, Liaodou-12, Shennong 94-11 and Shendou-4 are from Liaoning province. Under same conditions, the plant-type and yield were compared among the 8 soybean varieties. The results show that the plant height of American soybean varieties is lower than that of Chinese varieties, the branch number of American soybean varieties are significantly more than those of Chinese soybean varieties, the length of basal nodes of American varieties is longer than that of Chinese varieties. The length of nodes become shorter with the rising of node-position, the leaf shape index of American varieties is bigger than those of Chinese varieties at the lower layer, the leaf shape index of American varieties become bigger from lower layer to upper layer, the top leaves of American varieties are small and sharp, which would benefit the leaves productivity at the bottom of plant. The pods per plant of American varieties are bigger than those of Chinese varieties, the 100-seed weight of American varieties is smaller than that of Chinese varieties significantly. The ratio of seed weight at upper canopy layer of American varieties is smaller and the ratio of seed weight at lower canopy layer is bigger than those of Chinese varieties, the yield of American varieties is higher than that of Chinese varieties.