“想象的共同体”的解体——论新时期文学的“文革叙事”及“革命群众”的形象塑造

The Disintegration of the "Imaginary Community": On the Narration of "Cultural Revolution" and the Description of the "Revolutionary Masses" in the New-Period Literature

考察新时期文学对文革期间群众参加革命的动因叙述,大致可分为三大类型:一是从政治视角出发,将群众革命行为理解为因政治信仰和实用利益考虑所作的选择;二是从民间视角出发,将群众革命理解为群众在政治威压下为维持生存所作的无奈却智慧的选择,尽管这种民间智慧中不乏野蛮与残忍;三是从个体生命感觉视角出发,将群众革命行为理解为群众在身体遭受压制和奴役年代寻求张扬的方式,尽管抵抗中不乏变态成分。由此,将革命群众这一“想象的共同体”加以解体,历史的整体性、逻辑性也由此被解构,进而通过对人与自身、人与人以及人与历史的关系的复杂性的充分展示,呈现出正义与荒诞共生、崇高与无耻合一的美学景观。

Through the observation of literary works in the new - period, at lest three types of narrations can be differentiated concerning the people＇ s taking part in the cultural revolution. The first is that it is the people＇ s own choice out of their political belief and practical interests in terms of polities; the second is that they had to make such choice from their own perspective, and the third is that it is the very way out for them to survive. The “imaginary community” of the revolutionary masses is to be therefore disimegrated, so as to demonstrate a sort of aesthetic landscape of the symbiosis of justice and absurdity, and the unity of loftiness and impudicity.