传统文化立场上的书写与言说——20世纪后20年小说语言论之四

Writing and Speaking from the Traditional Position of Culture: On the Fictional Diction during the1980s and the 1990s

当代作家常常站在传统文化的立场上选择、淘洗与磨练小说语言。传统文化精神对于作家的文学观念、美学风格、审美理想的形成具有重要意义,并直接作用于他们小说语言的选择。儒家的“经世致用”与修身养性促使作家们形成小说创作的史诗情结,主宰着他们选择适合于史诗叙事的小说语言形态;佛家特有的思维方式给当代作家以极大的启发,使小说语言显得更加空灵而富有诗意;道家的思想文化诱使小说语言“返朴归真”;同时,传统艺术促成小说的写景状物偏重白描与散点透视。作家到传统文化中淘洗自己的小说语言,务必要得到现代思想意识的烛照和其他文化的观照。

Contemporary writers often select, filtrate and refine their fictional diction from the traditional position of culture. The spirit of traditional culture is of momentous significance on the formation of their literary outlook, aesthetic style and ideal, and exerts a direct impact on their choice of words and expressions. The Confucian ideas as administering national affairs and cultivating one＇s character have speeded up the formation of their epical complex; the special mode of thinking of Buddhism have inspired them so as to have made their language more intelligent and poetic; and the Taoist cultural thoughts have had their fictional diction returned to simplicity, meanwhile traditional arts have urged them to prefer line depiction and traditional perspective. When they refine their fictional diction with the treasure of traditional culture, they should at the same time have a modern consciousness and bear in mind other cultures.