唐代中原与边地部曲比较研究

A Comparative Study On the Buqus in the Central Plains and the Border Districts during the Tang Dynasty

通过对相关史料的比照分析,唐代同时存在于中原与缘边地区的部曲虽名称相同,但属性不同,身份迥异。中原部曲属于具有良人身份的军人,边地部曲则是与奴婢、牲畜为伍的贱口;中原部曲用于随主征战或做将帅、官僚的武装扈从,边地部曲则被用于除征战以外的家内役使、农业生产等多个领域,甚至被寺院役使;中原部曲隶属于相对狭小的官宦集团,边地部曲的拥有者遍及社会各个层面。

Through comparative analyses of relevant materials, it is deemed that, though the Buqus in the central plains and the border districts had completely different social status with different attributes. The Buqus in the central plains were armed bodyguards with higher social status following their masters to fight, while those in the border districts had lower social status, ranked with slaves and maids and livestock, and they were widely employed as domestic servants, as farmers, as substitutes for their masters who should join the army, and even as servants in temples; the Buqus in the central plains were owned by comparatively small group of rulers, while those in the border districts were owned by all social classes.