儿童青少年父母教养方式的城乡比较

A Comparative Study on Children and Adolescents' Parenting Styles Between Urban and Rural China

从城市和农村选取的1699名小学四、五年级和初中一、二年级学生为被试,采用父母教养方式问卷,探讨父母教养方式的城乡差异。研究发现:(1)城市父母比农村父母对子女有更多的情感温暖、理解和拒绝否认,农村父亲比城市父亲对子女有更多的过度保护,农村母亲比城市母亲对子女有更多的惩罚严厉。(2)城市中,父母对青少年比对儿童有更少的情感温暖与理解,父亲对青少年比对儿童有更多的拒绝否认和过度保护,母亲对青少年比对儿童有更多的惩罚严厉和过度干涉保护。农村中,父母对青少年比对儿童有更多的情感温暖与理解,父亲对青少年比对儿童有更少的惩罚严厉,母亲对青少年比对儿童有更少的拒绝否认。(3)不论是在城市还是农村,父亲均对男孩比对女孩有更多的惩罚严厉,母亲均对男孩比对女孩有更多的拒绝否认。城市父亲对男孩和女孩的情感温暖与理解没有显著差异,而农村父亲对男孩比对女孩有更多的情感温暖与理解。

The present study explores the similarities and differences of parenting styles in urban and rural China with a sample of 1699 Chinese participants aged 10 - 14 in urban and rural primary and junior middle schools, using parenting style questionnaire. It finally indicates that： （1） compared with parents in rural areas, those in urban areas have shown more tender affection and negative rejection. Fathers in rural areas, more excessive protection, and mothers in rural areas, more severe punishment. （2） In urban areas, parents have shown less tender affe ction on adolescents than on children. Fathers, more negative rejection an d excessive protection, and mothers, more severe punishment and excessive interference and protection on adolescents than on children. In rural areas, par ents showed more tender affection on adolescents than on children. Fathers have shown less severe punishment and mothers showed less negative rejection on adolescen ts than on children. （3） Fathers in urban areas have shown more severe punishment, while those in rural areas have shown more tender affection and severe punishment on boys than on girls.