先秦道家的“气”与南方原始宗教

On the Relation between "Qi" and the Primitive Religion in the South

哲学最初在意识的宗教形式中形成。先秦道家哲学的“气”与南方原始宗教有密切关系。中国是一个以 水为生、与水利害攸关的国家,对云气的膜拜及观云气以判凶吉的活动早已有之。考察楚辞及其它文献中所反映 的南方(楚地)“望气祭云”以及“枚卜”等执断人事的宗教迷信活动方式,依稀可见这两种宗教活动相结合的痕迹。 道家哲学的“气”植根于南方人望气时滋生和积淀下来的对云气的膜拜心理,是枚卜和望气相糅合的产物。而道家 创始人将其改造成为生成万物的先验范畴,赋予它一种神秘的支配性质,也与望气以及云气本身的特点有着某种 微妙的联系,可以说,它是对云气的宗教态度的哲学化。

“Qi” of Taoist school in the pre - Qin period is closely related with the primitive religion in the South. China is country that makes a living with water, and is closely concerned with water conservancy, which had been exited for a long time prostrating oneself to the thin, floating clouds and the view thin, floating clouds by declaring lucky activity fierce. By investigating the works of tire South and other documents which reflect the religion superstitious activities held in tire South “watching Qi and sending a menlorial ceremony for cloud ” and tire activity “ piece divine ”and so on, we can mark these faintly visible combination between tire two kinds of religious activities. “ Qi ”of the philosophy of Taoist school bases on the psychology of prostrating oneself to the thin, floating clouds, it is mixed with tire two activities.