南宋前期新儒学对书院发展的影响探析

The Impact of Ancient Academy Development on the Neo-Confucianism in the Early Southern-song Dynasty

南宋统治者为稳固其统治,通过政治打击、科举等手段频繁“禁学”,使新儒家的政治地位边缘化。而新儒家为获得发展空间,选择书院作为研究与讲学的基地,不仅书院的数量明显增加,而且书院也从官学的替代机构向学术研究、人才培养和儒学传播的机构转变。不少信仰新儒学的书院生徒通过科举获得了一定的政治地位,为新儒学的合法化提供了更坚实的政治基础。“嘉定更化”之后,随着新儒家地位的巩固,书院不仅得到了新儒家的重视,而且逐渐为官方认可。

In order to stabilize its ruling position, the emperor of Southern-song dynasty excluded the Neo-Confucianism by political punishment and imperial examinations. As a result, the political status of Neo- Confucian＇s became insignificance. But the Neo-Confucians kept up researching and teaching in ancient academies. Not only had the numbers of ancient academies increased sharply, but also the academies reformed themselves into base of studying and spreading Neo - Confucianism. A lot of ancient academy students who believed in Neo - Confucianism achieved political status through the imperial examinations, an important political power of driving the Neo - Confucianism legalization. Neo - Confucianism was legalized by the governor in the period of Jia- ding（1208- 1224）. Ancient academy could not only satisfy the demands of the Neo- Confucians, but also got approval from the government.