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古英语词序的句法研究 被引量:1

A Syntactic Study on Old English Word Order
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摘要 本文从历史比较语言学的角度研究了句法学领域少有探讨的古英语(Old English,OE)的句法。在简要分析了古英语的屈折性和句法特征之后,从跨语言的角度发现古英语句法和现代斯拉夫语族的俄语具有某些句法上的相似性,并找到存在差异的原因。用生成句法学的方法探讨了古英语词序的两个重要问题,一是动词和宾语的变异,即表层结构OV和VO词序的交替,提出了统一潜在的无标记VO词序。由于古英语的名词屈折特征强,必须在拼读之前进行核查,提到Spec-AgrOP以满足进入逻辑式的“完全解释原则”。这就形成了拼读后语音表达式的OV词序。另一个是主语和动词的词序。不同类型的主语发生在不同的结构位置。解释古英语句子词序的关键是VP中心语V的句法位置。当嫁接语在动词前置结构中,主语和动词产生了“非邻接”。通过分析以及语料统计表明古英语动词无论移到C还是C之下的较低中心语X,都产生了“XP-主语”结构。从古英语OV到早期英语VO的演变受三种基本机制的制约和推进。 This paper investigates the syntax in OE from the perspective of historical comparative linguistics. We find the similarity of syntax between OE and Russian in modern Slavic and the reasons from a cross-linguistic angle, after an analysis of inflection and syntactic traits in OE. We discuss two important problems about OE word order within generative grammar, one is the variation between verbs and objects, and we put forward a uniformed unmarked VO word order, the other is the word order of subjects and verbs. The evolution from OV in OE to VO in Early Modern English is motivated by three fundamental mechanisms.
作者 张连文
出处 《湖南大学学报(社会科学版)》 2005年第6期88-95,共8页 Journal of Hunan University(Social Sciences)
关键词 古英语 句法 词序 邻接 演变机制 Old English syntax word order adjacency evolutionary mechanism
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参考文献30

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共引文献3

同被引文献4

  • 1Albert C. Baugh, Thomas, Cable, A History of the English Language 3^rd edition[ M]. Prentice Hall, Ine, New Jersey, 1978.
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