东海地区常见水产品甲醛本底值调查及含量分析

Investigation of formaldehyde background of marine products from East China Sea

为了解水产品的甲醛本底值,为水产品管理提供依据,随机抽取海水鱼类、甲壳类、软体动物样品共100份,每份约500g,其中出口海产品的冰鲜原料和冻品80个;在鱼市场采购的淡水活鱼虾蟹样品6份,其中购买之后在试验室加工的活体冷冻品2份,测定甲醛本底值。以上样品在来源选择及采样过程均排除了外源性甲醛污染的可能。结果显示,检测的70种海水鱼中除六带拟鲈、日本方头鱼、棘鼬和绿鳍马面甲醛本底值为0.00mgkg外,其余试样的甲醛本底值从0.10～50.99mgkg,其中冻月亮鱼为55.99mgkg。16种海水甲壳类产品的甲醛本底值0.23～30.73mgkg,其中红点圆趾蟹为30.73mgkg。7种海水贝类产品的甲醛本底值为0.23～2.88mgkg,其中牡蛎为2.88mgkg。7种软体动物肉体的甲醛本底值为1.25～27.06mgkg,其中阿根廷鱿鱼为27.06mgkg。阿根廷鱿鱼、北太平洋鱿鱼和秘鲁鱿鱼内脏的甲醛本底值为33.00～479.09mgkg,其中阿根廷鱿鱼的为479.09mgkg。6种淡水鱼贝除鲫鱼为0.30mgkg外,其余均为0.00mgkg。从测定结果看出海水动物自身带有一定含量甲醛的现象是很普遍的,在100个试样中,含量超过1.0mgkg的有68个,超过5.0mgkg的有19个,超过10mgkg的有9个。根据国内外资料及本次调查的结果,海产品中不得检出甲醛的国家标准值得商榷。

To understand the bottom value of formaldehyde in marine products and to offer the basis of controlling the quality of marine products, 100 samples of sea water fish, crustacean and mollusk, each weighing roughly 500 g were collected from export iced fresh or frozen marine products. Six samples of fresh water live fish, live shrimp and live crab were also collected from fish market. All the samples were examined for content of formaldehyde. The samples were carefully protected against contamination of exogenous formaldehyde in the process from collection to examination. The result showed, among the 70 kinds of sea water fish examined, the bottom values of formaldehyde content of sixband weever, red horsehead, armored weaselfish, and bluefin leatherjacket were all zero, the bottom values of formaldehyde content of the other kinds of sea water fish ranged from 0.10 to 50.99 mg/kg, among them the frozen moon fish contained formaldehyde 55.99 mg/kg. The bottom values of formaldehyde content of 16 kinds of sea water crustacean products were 0.23 - 30.73 mg/kg, among them the values of ovalipes punctatus was the highest （30.73 mg/kg）. The bottom values of formaldehyde content of 7 kinds of sea water shellfish were 0.23 to 2.88 mg/kg, among them the value of oyster was the highest （2.88 mg/kg）. The bottom values of formaldehyde content kinds of mollusks were 1.25 - 27.06 mg/kg, among them the value of Argentine squid was the highest （27.06 mg/kg）. The bottom values of formaldehyde content in internal organs of Argentine squid, North Pacific Ocean squid and Peru squid were 33.00 - 479.09 mg/kg, among them the value of Argentine squid was the highest （479.09 mg/kg）. Among 6 kinds of fresh water fish and crustacean examined, the bottom value of formaldehyde content in carp was 0.30 mg/kg, the rest were all 0. The results shows it is common that the sea animals intrinsically contain certain amount of formaldehyde. In 100 samples, there were 68 samples containing formaldehyde over 1.0 mg/kg, 19 samples over 5.0 mg/kg, 9 samples over 10 mg/kg. According to domestic and foreign data and the results of this study, the national standard which requires zero content of formaldehyde in marine products needs forther deliberation.