大气颗粒物单颗粒分析方法的应用现状及展望

Individual atmospheric particle analysis: An overview

大气颗粒物具有吸附性、吸湿性以及对光的吸收和散射性等特性，对环境、气候和人类健康造成许多不利影响。单颗粒分析方法能够提供全颗粒物分析方法所无法提供的有关颗粒物特性的大量信息，同时单颗粒分析所需的采样时间短，很小质量的样品就可以进行分析，这使得单颗粒分析已成为表征大气颗粒物大气化学行为的重要手段。目前，该方法已经在大气颗粒物气候效应、生态健康效应、环境效应、颗粒物源解析、大气颗粒物化学反应过程、大气与海洋之间的营养物质交换作用、深海沉积物、极地冰核中颗粒物等大气化学的诸多领域得到了广泛的应用。本文就单颗粒分析技术的发展以及在颗粒物源解析、气候效应、健康效应评价以及环境效应等研究中的应用进行介绍，并对单颗粒分析在我国气溶胶大气化学研究中的应用前景进行评述。

Atmospheric particles have many adverse influences on environment, climate, and human health due to their physical and chemical properties, such as adsorption, moisture absorption, and light absorption and scattering. The individual particle analysis can provide a great deal of information on these properties that the bulk analysis can not provide. The short sampling period, small amount of sample mass, and quick analysis are the advantages of the individual particle analysis, which make the individual particle analysis becomes one of the important methods in characterizing the atmospheric chemistry behavior of the airborne particles. This method has been applied in many aspects of the atmospheric chemistry, such as assessment of the climatic effect, ecological and health effect, environmental effect, and source apportionment of the airborne particles, as well as in the research of atmospheric particles＇ chemical reaction process, the exchange of nutrients between atmosphere and ocean, deep-sea sediments, and arctic ice core. In this paper, we introduce the development of the individual particle analysis technology and its application to source apportionment, climatic effect＇s, health effects, and environmental effects, and review its application prospect in aerosol atmospheric chemistry in China.