江西7个地方鸡品种遗传多样性的微卫星分析

Microsatelite Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Seven Indigenous Chicken Breeds in Jiangxi

选用30个多态性较好的微卫星标记,检测了丝毛乌骨鸡、康乐鸡、宁都三黄鸡、余干乌骨鸡、瓦灰鸡、崇仁麻鸡、东乡绿壳蛋鸡等江西省7个地方鸡品种的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(h)、多态信息含量(P IC)、群体间的N e i氏标准遗传距离(DS)和DA遗传距离。结果表明,30个微卫星位点中有24个微卫星位点在7个鸡群体中的多态信息含量均为高度多态,可作为有效的遗传标记用于鸡品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析;在7个品种中,杂合度最低的是余干乌骨鸡,为0.615 5,杂合度最高的是崇仁麻鸡,为0.652 5,各地方鸡品种的杂合度都偏高,反映了群体的遗传多样性非常丰富;7个鸡品种间的DA、DS遗传距离远近关系一致,但DA距离均比DS距离大;用U PGM A法对DA和DS的聚类结果相同,7个鸡品种被聚为3类,余干乌骨鸡、瓦灰鸡、康乐鸡、宁都三黄鸡聚为一类,崇仁麻鸡、东乡绿壳蛋鸡聚为一类,丝毛乌骨鸡独自为一类。

In this paper, 30 microsatellite markers with medium or high polymorphisms were selected to detect the genetic diversity of 7 indigenous chicken breeds in Jiangxi. According to allele frequencies of 30 microsatellites, the polymorphism information content （PIC）, mean heterozygosity （h）, Nei＇s standard genetic distance（Ds） and Dagenetic distance were calculated for each breed. The results showed their 24 of 30 microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic, so the 24 microsatellite loci were effective markers for analysis of genetic relationship among the chicken breeds. The mean heterozygosity （h） in the Yugan Silky was the lowest（0. 615 5）, whereas in the Chongren spotted chicken was the highest（0. 652 5）, and in other breeds was also more than 0.5, indicative of their wide diversity. DA genetic distances between 7 chicken breeds were consistent with Ds, but the values of DA were bigger than those of Ds. Two same UPGMA trees were obtained through the analysis of DA genetic distance and Nei＇s standard genetic distance（Ds）. In both trees, Yugan Silky, Wahui chicken, Kangle chicken and Ningdu Sanhuang chicken were first grouped together, Chongren spotted chicken and Dongxiang Green-shell chicken were second grouped together, but Silky had its own branch.