1Alburger PD,Weidnet PL, Betz. Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. J Pediatr Orthop, 1992,16.
2Flynn JC, Mattnews JG, BenoitRL. Blind Pinning of disphaced supracondylas fractures of the humerus in children; Sixteen Years' experience withy long-term followup. J Bone Joint Surg (AM),1974,56:263-272.
3过邦辅.坎贝尔骨科手术大全[M].上海:上海远东出版社,1991.996-1004.
4Zionts LE, Mekellp HA, Hathaway R. Trosional strength of pin configuratilns used to fix supraceondylar fractures of the humerus in children. J Bone Join Surg(AM), 1994,76;253-256.