利用日本青鳉早期发育阶段暴露评估排水的急、慢性毒性和内分泌干扰效应

Assessment acute and chronic toxicity and endocrine disruption effects of whole effluent based on early stage development of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)

提出一套利用日本青鳉胚胎-幼鱼阶段生长、形态学改变和雌雄比例变化的指标体系评价排水的毒性和内分泌干扰效应的方法.该方法属于活体动物的短期和部分生命阶段暴露测试,整个实验周期为21d,测试过程不依赖复杂的仪器设备,操作简单、成本低.通过在北京市污水、工业废水及其经过生物处理后的排水进行测试,表明其能够比较准确判断排水中是否存在急性毒性、致畸和内分泌干扰效应物质.将其应用于评价不同深度处理工艺出水毒性效果,结果表明反渗透工艺能够去除大部分毒性物质.

A bioassay protocol for screening acute and chronic toxicity and endocrine disrupting of whole effluent based on early stage development of Japanese medaka （ Oryzias latipes ） was established and recommended. This protocol belonged to in vivo and partial life stage test. The period of the test was 21 days. The protocol had many advantages such as not depending on expensive apparatus, simple to operate, low cost and multiple outputs. In the paper, the proposed protocol was applied to test potential ecotoxicological risks of typical sewage effluent and industrial wastewater discharges in Beijing city. The results showed that acute and chronic toxlcity, teratogenicity and endocrine disrupting could be detected in the sewage effluent and industrial waste water. In comparison of different advanced treatment processes aiming at detoxication, it was found that reverse osmosis could remove most of the toxicants from the waters.