广西居民膳食营养状况调查

Investigation on dietary intake and nutritional status of residents in Guangxi province

目的了解广西居民膳食营养状况,为制订营养改善策略提供科学依据。方法用多阶整群随机抽样法抽取4个城区、4个农村县,4 268户1、7 104人。用称重法获调味品量,3d、24h回顾法获个人食物量;测定身高、体重、血红蛋白和血浆维生素A。结果每标准人日摄入能量9 226.2 kJ,达推荐摄入标准(RNI)91.8%,城乡分别为10 301.11,8 877.5 kJ,达RNI 102.7%和88.5%。蛋白质、脂肪分别为64.4,75 g,提供能量分别为11.9%和31.3%。视黄醇、核黄素和硫胺素分别为527.3μg RE、0.8 mg和1 mg,分别达30.4%,59.1%和78.1%。钙、铁分别为311.4、19.4 mg,分别达适宜摄入标准(AI)35.4%和118.4%。动物蛋白质占蛋白质总摄入量的37.4%,城乡分别占46.9%和33.4%。动物脂肪占脂肪总摄入量的74.7%,城乡分别占54.7%和81.9%。营养不良率为12.9%,肥胖率9.1%(含中心性肥胖),超重率4.4%,贫血率为17.2%,其中孕妇为48.6%,乳母为24.1%;学龄前儿童发育迟缓率15.8%,婴儿低出生体重率4.8%。结论广西居民营养状况有了较大改善。能量、蛋白质基本满足,视黄醇、核黄素和钙偏低,食盐偏高,脂肪能量偏高。亟待制定广西膳食营养促进策略,防制不良和营养相关慢性病。

Abstract： Objective To understand the dietary and nutritional status of residents in Guangxi for reference to the strategy of nutriton improvement. Methods 4 268 households included 17 104 residents were selected from Guangxi through multistage stratified randomized cluster sampling. Household condiments data collected by weighting method, individual intakes by 3consecutive 24-hour recalls and body weight, height by physical examination, hemoglobin and vitamin A by assay. Results The average of energy intake was 9 226.2kJ per reference man per bay（urban 10 301.1 kJ, rural 8 877.5 kJ）, accounted for 91.8 % of RNI, protein was 64.4 g and fat was 75 g provided 11.9 % and 31.3 % of energy respectively. Retinol, riboflaine, thiamine, calcium, iron wear 527.3 μmRE, 0.8 mg, 1 mg, 311.4 mg and 19.4 mg respectively. Animal food provided 37.4 % of protein（urban 46.9 %, rural 33.4 % ）. Animal fat accounted for 74.7 % of dietary fat （ urban 54.7 %, rural 81.9 % ）. The proportion of malnutrition was 12.39 %, obesty 9.1%, overweight 4.4 %. The proportion of stunting of preschool children was 15.8 %. The low birth weight proportion was 4.8 %. The proportion of anemia was 16.8 % （ lactating women 24.1%, pregnant women 48.6 % ）. Conclusion The general dietary and nutrition status have improved greatly in Guangxi. The in- take of energy and protein fat was sufficient generally, the Retinol, riboflaine, thinamine, calcium was insufficient, the salt and sodium was over intake, the fat energy was higher than that of the standard. It was important to constitute Guangxi strategy of nutrition promotion to deal with the dual challenges of nutrition deficiency and overnutrtion-related diseases.