日龄雏鸡的学习记忆模型及其分子机制和药理学研究进展

Learning and Memory of Day-old Chicks and Progress in Relevant Molecular Mechanisms and Pharmacological Studies

日龄雏鸡一次性被动回避学习和厌恶性条件化学习模型被广泛用于学习记忆机制的研究,并取得了很大的进展.上纹体和旁嗅核是参与雏鸡学习记忆的主要脑区.结合相关的分子机制研究,药理学实验发现了多种能影响不同记忆阶段的药物,如去甲肾上腺素对长时记忆有增强和调控作用.由于鸟类和哺乳动物与记忆相关的脑结构和功能具有一定可比性,上述工作可为了解大脑的学习记忆功能提供重要参考.

The one-trial passive avoidance task （OTPAT） and sickness-conditioned learning task （SCLT） models are widely used in studies on the mechanisms of learning and memory in day-old chicks and a numerous progress has been achieved. Previous findings have shown that the intermediate medial hyperstriatum ventrale （IMHV） and lobus parolfactorius （LPO） are principal structures involved in memory formation in the chick brain. In light of studies on the relevant molecular mechanisms, pharmacological experiments have discovered a number of medicines which may affect the memory formation at its different stages. As an example, noradrenalin may enhance and modulate the long-term memory. Since the principal structures and their functions in the avian brain are, to some extents, comparable to those in the mammal, the above-mentioned studies on chicks may provide important clues for exploring the learning and memory in human brain.