农户小额信贷风险:表现、成因与应对策略

Peasant Household Microfinance Risks:Manifestation,Origin and Countermeasure

农村信用社农户小额信贷是我国小额信贷的主流,该信贷制度目前面临的突出问题之一就是农户的还贷率低、信贷风险日益增大。导致这一问题的表层原因是农业生产中不可避免的自然风险、小农户对市场变化缺乏灵活反应的市场风险以及农户的道德风险和信用社的逆向选择,而深层次原因则在于小额信贷没有形成科学的管理制度,在实施过程中违背了其运行的根本原则和宗旨。解决这一问题的主要措施有:建立多元化的社会服务体系;灵活运用农户联保贷款制度和小组中心会议制度;减少行政干预;建立和完善小额信贷的激励机制;拓宽资金来源;降低经营成本等。

Peasant household microfinance operated by rural credit corporative is the main stream of microfinancein in our country. And one of the typical problems existed in this credit system is the low rate of return and the high credit risk. The superficial reasons are natural risks, market risks, moral hazard and adverse option. But the profound origin is being short of scientific management institution. And this results rebelling the basic roles and intent in practice. To solve this problem, we must establish pluralism social service systems, apply unite guarantee loan system and team central meeting system flexibly; reduce administration interference; establish and perfect the microfinance prompting system; broaden capital channels; decrease operation cost and so on.