略论炭素科学的形成和进展──Ⅴ.液相炭化机理研究的历史和现状

A BRIEF NOTE ON THE FORMATION AND PROGRESS OF CARBON SCIENCE ──Ⅴ. THE HISTORY AND MODERN STATUS OF THE RESEARCHES ON LIQUID-PHASE CARBONIZATION MECHANISM

液相炭化机理这一研究方向的全面发展史区分为三个分支方向：（１）始自２Ｚ年代后期的纯烃类特别是芳烃类液相热解机理的研究；（２）自５０年代中到中间相理论出现以前石油重质油液相炭化机理的研究；（３）始自１９６５年的中间相理论的创立和进展。文中概括地介绍了在半个多世纪中，国际学术界对模型焊类液相热解和炭化研究的主要工作，即始自本世纪２０年代后期原苏联基里切耶夫的系统研究，以及自５０年代以来直到８０年代西方学者以ＤＴＡ、ＥＳＲ、ＭＳ、ＸＲＤ、ＧＣ／ＭＳ等物理方法研究模型芳烃热解产物组成结构的主要结果。介绍了５０～６０年代俄国学者列文捷尔等对石油重油液相炭化机理的研究及其不足之处，评价了６０年代俄国另一列文捷尔把焦化过程机理和焦的结构相联系所获得的良好结果。本文下半部分评述了中间相理论的开发经过，总结了在理论上和工艺上的主要成果，分析了成功的主要原困。

Abstract:The total developed history of the researches on liquidphase carbonization mechanism is divided into three subdirection:(1)research on liquid-phase pyrolysis mechanism of pure hydrocarbons,beginning in the late twenties,(2)research on the liquid-phase carbonization mechanism of petroleum heavy oils from the mid of the fifties up to the discovery of mesophase theory, and (3)initiation and advances of mesophases theory from 1965 until now.The main research works on the liquid-phase carbonization of model hydrocarbons in the world carbon community were briefly reviewed. These works began from the Tilicheev's systematic research in the late twenties of this century and were succeeded by researches of western countries on the composition and structures of middle-temperature pyrolysis products of aromatic hydrocarbons by the aid of DTA,ESR,MS,XRD,GC/MS,ete.The researchs by Russia learned levinter on the petroleum heavy-oil carbonization mechanism during 50-60 decades are stated. Good results obtained by another Levinter who correlated the coking mechanism of heavy-oil with the resultant coke structure are also reviewed.The long course of development of mesophase theory is reviewed in some detail and with wide coverage.The major achievements of mesophase theory in science and practice are summarized,and the reason of its success is analysed.