确定原子基态的一维坐标法

One-Dimensional Coordinate Method for Determination of Atomic Ground States

本文给出一种确定原子基态的简捷方法，以轨道磁量子数ｍ１作为横坐标，把空间分为上下两部分，分别对应于ｍｓ＝十１／２（自旋朝上）和ｍｓ＝－１／２（自旋朝下），并在洪特定则和泡利不相容原理的基础上，按顺序填入电子。利用空间对称性，可迅速算出Ｍｓ和ＭＬ（即Ｓ和Ｌ），从而可获得各种元素的原子基态。

A very simple and rapid method for determination of atomic ground states is given.The orbital magnetic quantum number m1 taken as an abscissa,the space is divided into two parts-up-space and down-space, corresponding to ms = +1/2(spin-up) and ms =-1/2(spin-down), respectively. Based on the Hund's rules and Pauli exclusion principle,the electrons are filled-in in proper sequence. By means of space symmetry, the MS and ML values(i.e. S and L) are determinated rapidly. Therefore, various elements of atomic ground states are obtained.