前哥伦布时期中美洲古陶的研究

The Study on Pre-columbian Potteries from Mesoamerica

研究了洪都拉斯西部约罗地区出土的单色彩陶和墨西哥特奥蒂瓦坎古城遗址出土的多色彩陶的化学组成、物理性质和显微结构。这些古陶都含有环带结构的斜长石粗颗粒．据此可知它们之间在地质、地理方面有着密切的关系。约罗地区的粗陶与玛雅的其他一些地区一样回以黑曜岩粗颗粒或火山灰为其掺和料。发现约罗有些古陶使用合古生物微体化石有孔虫的白垩粗颗粒为掺和料。这种深海形成的白垩沉积岩中除了有显球型和微球型的有孔虫分布外主要含大量的方解石微晶，质地洁白细腻。中美洲的古代陶工除了用它作粗粒掺和料外，还在约罗与特奥蒂瓦坎古陶上作为化妆土来使用。

The chemical compositions, physical properties and microstructures of pre-columbian potteries from mesoamerica have been studied. The monochrometic painted. samples were unearthal in Yoro region located on the basin of the Ulua river in the west of Honduras and a polychromatic painted sherd his collected from the worldqamed Teotihuacan ruin of Mexico. All of these ancient potteries contained rough particles of zone-strustural plaginclase. From this reason it is known that they have close relationship in geology and geography. As the same of other maya potteries, the raw material of Yoro potteries were blended with rough particles Of obsidian or volcanic ash as an admixture. Chalk particles, which contained the microfossils of foraminifera, were used in some of Yoro ancient potteries as a granular admixture. This chalky sedimentary rock formed in deep ocean was consisted by the shells of megalospheric and microspheric feraminifera fossils and numerous microcrystals of calcite. Becamed Of its whiteness and smooth, in addition to the use as the large pericles admixture in the bidies, the ancient potters from mesoamerica also used its powder to the surface of Yoro and Teotihuacan potteries as an excellent engobe.