番石榴叶提取物对常见细菌的体外抗菌作用

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of the Extract from Psidium Guaijava L.

目的观察番石榴叶提取物对常见细菌的抗菌作用.方法应用琼脂打孔扩散实验和试管稀释法,分别测定番石榴叶提取物对11种常见细菌的抑菌效果,对3种常见细菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并与鱼腥草注射液进行抑菌效果比较.结果1 g·mL-1番石榴叶提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、脑膜炎双球菌、白念珠菌、铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌活性较强,抑菌圈＞15.5 mm;对枯草芽孢杆菌痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、乙型副伤寒杆菌、变形杆菌及乙型链球菌有一定的抑菌作用,抑菌圈＞11.0 mm.氯仿、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、甲醇等4种溶剂萃取番石榴叶的提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白念珠菌的MIC分别为0.125～0.250,0.125～0.25,0.0625～0.25,0.25～0.5 g·mL-1,MBC分别为0.062 5～0.125,0.062 5～0.125,0.031 25～0.125,0.125～0.25 g·mL-1.相同浓度的番石榴叶提取物比鱼腥草注射液抑菌效果强.结论番石榴叶的提取液具有较强的广谱抗菌作用.

Objective To survey the in vitro antibacterial activity of the extract from Psidium guaijava L. against common bacteria. Methods Agar diffusion test and test tube dilution method were used to assay the bacteriostatic effects of the extract from Psidium guaijava L. on 11 strains of common bacteria as well as the minimal inhibitory concentrations （MIC） and minimal bactericidal concentrations （MBC） of the extract on 3 strains of the bacteria studied. The effects were compared with those of Herba Houttuyniae injection. Results The extract at a concentration of 1 g · kg^-1 was shown to have fairly strong bacteriostatic effects on staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Neisseria meningitidis, Candida albicans and bacillus pyocyaneus and the diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone was greater than 15. 5 mm. The extract had also definite bacteriostatic effects on bacillus dysenteriae, typhoid bacillus, β-paratyphoid bacillus. Proteus vulgaris and β-hemolytic streptococcus. The diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone was greater than 11.0 mm. The MICs of the drug extracted with 4 different solvents （chloroform ,n-butanol, ethyl acetate and methanol）for staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were 0. 125 - 0.25 g · mL^-1 , 0. 125 - 0.25 g · mL^-1 , 0. 062 5 - 0.25 g · mL^-1, 0.25 - 0.5 g · mL^-1, respectively . The corresponding MBCs were 0.062 5 -0. 125 g · mL^-1 , 0.062 5 -0. 125 g · mL^-1 , 0. 031 25 -0. 125 g · mL^-1 and 0. 125 - 0.25 g · mL^-1 , respectively. The bacteriostatic effects of the extract at different concentrations were stronger than those of Herba houttuyniae injection at equivalent concentrations. Conclusion The extract from Psidium guaijava L. was shown to have fairly strong broad-spectrum antibacterial effects.