冻疮凝胶治疗局部冻伤的药理作用研究

A Study of the Pharmacological Effects of Chilblain Gel in the Treatment of Frostbite

目的探讨冻疮凝胶对局部冻伤的药理作用。方法将家兔、大鼠分别分为正常组、模型组(在-25℃乙醇中浸泡造模)、给药组(分为冻疮凝胶低剂量组及高剂量组)等4组。给药组在不同时间给予冻疮凝胶25,50mg.(cm2)-1,且在不同时间进行各项指标测定。结果给药组全血黏度、血细胞比容、血浆黏度、血小板功能、免疫功能、皮肤局部肿胀率及活存面积都有明显改善,但凝血因子I变化不明显。结论冻疮凝胶具有抗冻防僵的作用,临床上可用于治疗冻疮。

Objective To study the pharmacological effects of chilblain gel in the treatment of frostbite in animals. Methods Serving as the subjects of the study, rats and rabbits were randomly divided into 4 equal groups, respectively, the normal control group, the frostbite model group, the low-dose treatment group and the high-dose treatment group. The frostbite model was set up by immersing both hind paws of the animals into -25℃ ethanol for 5 min. Animals of low-dose and high-dose treatment groups were given each 25 mg · （ cm^2 ）^-1 and 50 mg · （ cm^2 ）^-1 of chilblain gel, respectively, by smearing the gel locally 3 times a day, for 2 （in rats） to 5 （in rabbits） consecutive days. The rats were then sacrificed by decapitation and blood samples collected for the determination of whole blood viscosity, blood clotting factor Ⅰ, hematocrit and plasma viscosity as well as assessment of the immune function. Blood was taken by heart puncture in the rabbits for the assay of thrombocyte function. The course of the local changes in the frost-injured areas in the rabbits was kept under close observation. Results Strikingly increased values of whole blood viscosity, hematocrit and plasma viscosity were demonstrated in rats of the model group as compared with those of the normal controls （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The values, however, were shown to be very impressively switched toward the normal range in rats both of the low-dose and high-dose treatment groups（ P 〈0.05 or P 〈0.01 ）. The values of blood clotting factor I were similar in all 4 groups of the rats（ P 〉 0.05 ）. The inhibition rate of platelet aggregation of the blood from rabbits of the frost-bite model group [ （ 16. 5 ± 2.3 ） % ] was significantly lower than that of the normal controls [ （ 23.7 ± 3.5） % ] （P 〈 0.01 ）. The rate was shown to be （22.8 ± 2.9） % in rabbits of the treatment groups, which was much higher than that of the model group （P 〈 0.01 ）. The immune function as reflected by T lymphocyte transformation, NK cell activity and secretion of IL-2 by T lymphocytes was strongly inhibited in rats of the model group as compared with that in rats of the normal controls （P 〈 0.01 ）. The parameters in rats of the treatment groups, as a whole, were shown to be dramatically shifted towards normal values as compared with those of the model group （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ） and normal controls, representing a striking improvement in the immune function after the treatment. The beneficial effect of the gel was shown locally by decreased rate of swelling and increased areas of the skin that survived in the frost-injured hind paws. Conclusion The chilblain gel was shown to be effective in the treatment of frostbite as reflected by systemic and local examinations in the animals.