178例小儿肺炎分离菌分布和耐药性分析

Distribution and antibiotic resistance of pathogens from 178 cases with pneumonia

目的了解小儿肺炎病原菌谱及耐药性.方法对2003～2004年178例小儿肺炎的痰标本进行细菌学培养,测定药物敏感性.结果分离菌中,以革兰阴性菌居首位,占58.51%.肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌为主要菌种,对亚胺培南、美罗培南的耐药性最低;其次为革兰阳性菌,占40.43%,以金黄色葡萄球菌为主,耐甲氧西林的葡萄球菌为57.1%,对万古霉素、替考拉宁最敏感.结论小儿肺炎病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,并且出现多重耐药.临床上应避免盲目经验性用药,减少或减缓细菌耐药的发生.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of bacterial distribution and drug-resistance among 128 cases with pneumonia in our hospital from July 2003 to. June 2004. Methods Total of 178 cases sputum samples were cultured and isolated. Antibiotic-resistance tests were performed using automated microbial analysis system VITEK-32. Results The main stains were Gram-negative bacilli with the rate of 58.5%. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherifia coli were the main stains of them. Their drug-resistance to imipenem was the lowest. The next strains were Gram-positive bacilli with the rate of 40.4%. Staphylococcus was the main one in the isolated Grampositive bacilli. The isolation rate of MRSA was 57. 1%. Vancomycin was the most sensitive for Grampositive bacilli. Conclusion The major causeof pneumonia might be Gram-egative bacteria with multidrug-resistance. In order to reduce theproduction of drug-resistance, antibiotics shouldn＇t be used by experience.