济南市城市扩展与城市暴雨洪灾

Urban Expanding and Its Effects on Urban Flood Disasters in Jinan

阐述了济南市城市扩展历程和城市暴雨洪灾概况,分析了济南市城市暴雨洪灾的成因。研究结果表明,浅盆地形和多暴雨的气候条件是济南市城市暴雨洪灾的自然致灾因素,而城市扩展后,城市雨岛效应增加了市区暴雨出现的频率与强度,城市外部排水变为内部排水,对下垫面性质及自然沟道、洼地的改造使城市洪量增大,滞时减小等,加剧了济南市城市暴雨洪灾的量级和频度。为应对严峻的城市暴雨洪灾,提出了排蓄结合的应对措施。即从源头上减少流经城区的洪水量,加强排水系统的整治,建立健全雨情、水情遥测网和城市防洪调度决策支持系统。

The urban expanding history and the general situation of urban flood disaster in Jinan are expatiated. The reasons of urban flooding disasters are analyzed. The results indicate that the shallow basin relief and the climate with plenteous rainstorms are the main natural factos of urban flood disasters in Jinan. While with the urban expending of Jinan, the urban rain island effects increase the frequency and intensity of rainstorms. The form of outer drainage is turned into inner drainage, and the change of land surface, natural gullies, and swales enlarge the flood amount and reduced the lag time. These all enhanced the intension and frequency of urban flood disaster. In order to deal with the serious urban flood disasters, it＇s necessary to reduce the flood amount that passes urban area, enforce the renovation of urban drainage system, set up and perfect the remote sensing net of rainfall, runoff and disaster condition and design the urban flood control decision support system for Jinan.