癌基因药物载体材料的研究进展

Research Progress in Carrier Materials of Cancer Gene Therapy

开发基因药物的主要任务之一是寻找易于微粒化、能高效地将外部药物基因转入具体靶向癌细胞内而自身又无毒性的载体。病毒具有极强的将遗传物质转入宿主细胞的能力，但本身却有毒性，必须先改性处理尽可能去除它的毒性，同时又要保持它的高转染能力。考虑病毒载体的危险性，人们将注意力转向非病毒材料作栽体。非病毒材料一般带正电，易于与带负电的DNA结合形成非病毒／DNA复合物。相对病毒栽体，非病毒载体材料的转染能力较差，但其制备工艺简单，基因药物易于微粒化，且安全。介绍了用作癌基因药物病毒载体和非病毒载体的两类材料的结构和载转特性。

The main objective of developing gene therapy is to obtain efficient, non-toxic gene carriers that can encapsulate and deliver foreign genetic materials into specific cancerous cell. Viruses, which are highly capable of transferring their genetic materials into the host cells, must be modified to eliminate their toxicity and maintain their high gene transfer capability. The limitations associated with viral vectors, however, in terms of their safety, have encouraged researchers to increasingly focus on non-viral vectors as an alternative to viral vectors. Non-viral vectors are generally cationic in nature, and prone to interact with the negatively charged DNA. This paper compares the advantages and limitations of the virus and non-virus carriers in cancer gene therapy. Although non-viral vectors are less efficient than viral ones, they have the advantages of safety, simplicity of preparation and high gene encapsulation capability.