马克思把握历史过程的双向考察方法

On Marx 'Bidirectional Reviewing Method to Study Human History

所谓双向考察方法,是指依据历史过程的走向而展开的不同向度的把握历史过程的方法,它包括逆向考察和顺向考察两类共四种。它们分别是从“现在”向“过去”和从“未来”向“现在”的逆向考察,从“现在”向“未来”和从“过去”向“现在”的顺向考察。马克思运用该方法,分别对历史过程中的自然次序、因果关系和发展次序进行了考察,而非单纯由果溯因的“从后思索”。在建构其理论体系、进行社会批判中,双向考察方法发挥了重要作用。

The so-called bidirectional reviewing method is one that is developed according to the direction of historical process. It has four strains of conversing and sequencing reviews. They are conversing and sequencing reviews from “present” to “past” and from “past”to“present”. In this way, Marx studied the natural order, consequence and developing order, however, what he studied was not simply from “result” to “cause”. Bidirectional reviewing method also plays an important role in the establishment of its theoretical system and social animadversion.