旅客运输机与直升机座舱中人体全身振动环境的调查及其卫生标准的探讨

Investigation of human body vibration exposure in aircraft and helicopter and the permitted standard

目的为了解我国旅客运输机与直升机座舱中空勤人员和旅客的全身振动环境，为制订民航行业卫生标准提供依据。方法对国内主要的五种旅客运输机型（B－747、B－767、MD－82、A－300和Y－7）和两种直升机型（米－8和贝尔－212）座舱振动进行了调查。结果旅客运输机座舱中空勤人员和旅客人体全身振动加速度awz为0．16－0．29m／s2，awx，y为0．22—0．84m／s2；直升机座舱中空勤人员和旅客人体全身振动加速度awz为0．45－2．00m／s2．awx，y为0．56－2．82m／s2，人体受到全身振动在各机型均是驾驶舱高于客舱，并随机型而异。结论在现场调研的基础上，参考国内外工作环境人体振动的容许标准，建议我国民航人体振动的行业标准：旅客运输机为awz＜0．32m／s2，awx,y＜0．22m／s2，直升机为awz＜0．53m／s2,awx,y＜0．36m／s2。

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whole body vlbration exposure incabins of passenger aircrafts and helicopters, and provide data for drafting their permitted standards.Method Measurernents of whole body vihration exposure in cablns of five types of passenger aircraft(B-747,B-767, MD-82, A-3Oo, and Y-7 ) and two types of helicopter (M-8 and Bele-212) were carriedout uslng HE5935 human body response vibration rneter. Results The average weight vibration ac-celerations in the longitudinal direction of hurnan body (awz) in cahins of various passenger aircrafts andhelicopters were 0. 16- 0. 29 m/s2 and 0. 45 2. 00 m/s2 respectively, and those in the transverse direc-tions (awx,y) were 0. 22- 0. 84 m/s2 and 0. 56- 2. 82 m/s2. Weighted vibration acceleration in cockpitwas higher than that in passenger cabin. The differences between weighted vibration accelerations inpessenger air crafts and helicopters were significant. Conclusion Basing on surveyed results andstandards of permitted v1bratlon acceleration home and ahroad, we suggested that awz be less than 0. 32m/s2, awx,y be less than 0. 22 m/s2 and awz be less than 0. 53 m/s2, awx.y be less than 0. 36 m/s2 as the per-mitted standards of human body vihration exposure acceleration in passenger aircraft and helicopter cab-ins respectively.