中国传统文化中的“难得糊涂”思想

The "Occasional Muddleheaded" Thought in the Traditional Chinese Culture

“难得糊涂”是中国文化所特有的一种思维方式和生存方式。其所标的的核心内涵,不是普通意义上的糊里糊涂,也不是单纯意义上的忍让与避就,而应该是一种对自然、社会与人生的积极的思索与进取,以及由此而带来的一种痛苦与彷徨、无奈与感伤;从哲学意义上看,其所标的的核心内涵,又应该是一种对人的生命存在状态的深刻理解与认同。封建社会后期,“难得糊涂”思想所体现的,则是一种封建社会及文化对人性的压抑性。在广泛流行的过程中,“难得糊涂”思想的核心内涵发生了本质性的转变,其积极进取的思想成分逐步丧失,而其消极、退让意义上的思想成分却得到了强化。“难得糊涂”思想的产生,乃中国文化发展之必然,而它的变异及广泛流行,则是中华民族的一大悲剧,这一悲剧的产生,肇始于中国文化的保守性、封建社会及文化的压抑性,以及封建专制王权对人的生命价值的恣意践踏与摧残。

The “Occasionally muddleheaded” is a special feature in the thinking and surviving ways of Chinese culture. Its core connotation does not refer to the muddleheaded thinking in a general way, nor does it imply purely tolerance or avoidance. On the contrary, it implies the mixture of an attitude of positive thinking, enterprising spirit to the nature, society and life and the mental agony, hesitation, helplessness and sentimentalism the attitude results in. In the philosophical perspective, its core connotation refers to the deep comprehension and recognition of human being＇s existence. In the late period of the feudal society, the “occasional muddleheaded” idea represents the oppression on the human passion by the feudal society and culture. During the process of its spreading, the nature of its core connotation got a fundamental change. Step by step, its enterprising spirit dies away while its passive avoidance is strengthened. The occurrence of the “occasional muddleheaded” idea is the inevitable outcome of the development of Chinese culture. And its qualitatively change and pervasive influence is a tragedy of the Chinese nation. The tragedy is born of the conservativeness of Chinese culture, the oppressive nature of the feudal society and culture, and the wanton trample and devastation on human being＇s life value by the feudal regime＇s dictatorship.