工蜂在意大利蜜蜂性比调节中的作用

Action of Worker Honeybee on Sex Ratio Control in Apis mellifera ligustica

作者系统地研究了蜂群中蜜蜂性比调控问题。以意大利蜜蜂为实验材料,通过RAPD技术测定3群蜜蜂中蜂王自然交配次数分别为14、4和6次;通过人工饲养幼虫和弹氧式热量计测定技术测定并计算出培育每只工蜂和雄蜂所需的能量值分别为748.99J和2451.39J;通过亲属选择理论和性比原理,计算出蜂王所“期望”的理论性比值T蜂王都是1:1,工蜂所“期望”的理论性比值T工蜂与蜂王自然交配次数有关,分别为(12.94～24.43):1、(16.98～32.06):1和(15.05～28.43):1;在分蜂季节,测定了3群的实际测定蜜蜂性比值分别为(20.21～25.63):1、(17.37～68.28):1和(24.04～45.97):1。蜜蜂实际性比值与工蜂所“期望”的理论性比值(T工蜂)都很吻合。研究结果支持了工蜂调控蜜蜂性比的观点。

The regulation of honeybee sex ratio was studied in this paper with Apis mellifera ligustica in the experiments were conducted. The numbers of queen mate were 14, 4 and 6 in 3 colonies respectively, which were determined by RAPD. The energy needed for rearing a worker and a drone was measured by rearing larva artificial and determining the energy of food by calorimeter. The results showed that the energy colony invested in a female larva was 748.99 J, a male was 2451.39 J. The theoretical sex ratios of queen and worker expected were calculated by kin-selection theory and sex-ratio theory. The results showed that the theoretical sex ratios queen expected were 1： 1. And theoretical sex ratios the worker expected were correlated with the numbers of queen mate and were （12.94 - 24.43 ）： 1, （ 16. 98 - 32. 06） ： 1 and （ 15.05 - 28. 43 ） ： 1 in 3 colonies respectively. The actual sex ratios were （20.21 - 25.63 ） ： 1, （17.37 - 68.28）： 1 and （24.04 -45.97）： 1 in 3 colonies respectively. The actual sex ratios were similar to the theoretical sex ratios the worker expected, that is, the results supported the viewpoint that honey bee sex ratio was regulated by workers.