湄洲湾附着生物与油污染生态学研究

Ecological studies on attachment organisms and oil pollution at Meizhou Bay

1993年6月至1994年5月在湄洲湾炼油厂排污口进行附着生物挂板和海水含油量测定。对码头和浮标生物多样性做定量和定性取样。共记录147种生物，种类极其丰富，既有外海高暖水种，又有近岸广分布种，无冷水和河口低盐种。全年都有生物繁殖附着。但各种生物呈明显季节性。年试板湿重生物量6．58kg／m2，主要由海鞘、藤壶、牡蛎和贻贝组成，同建成3a后附着生物群落达到稳定阶段的油码头生物组成基本一致。湾内海水水质良好，油含量未超出渔业允许浓度（50μg／dm3）标准。这些可为该湾今后监测油污染提供生物生态学基础资料。

Surveying attachment organisms by means of test panels, and detecting oil content in sea water were carried out at the sewer outlet of the petroleum-refiny in Meizhou Bay, and quantitively and qualitatively sampling for biodiversity on the wharfs and buoys was simultaneously done in the bay as well from June 1993 to May 1994, in order to obtain an ecological background for monitoring oil pollution in the bay. As a result of sampling on the wharfs and buoys, a total of 147 specles were recurded, which covered hyperhaline and warm water species normally in offshore and eurytopic species normally in inshore but no cold water species and low-salinity species normally in esruary, showed much diversity. Reproduction and attachment occurred around a year with significantly seasonal variations for different organisms. on the test panels, the attachment organisms summed into 6. 58kg/m2 in wet welght in an year and mainly consisted of ascidian, barnacle, oyster and mussel, which were basically similar to the species composition of the community a which had reached to a stable stage on the oil wharf which was constructed in 1990. The oil concentrations in the sea water were less than 50μg/dm3 implying a good seawater quality by make reference to Chinese National Standard for Fishery in the bay.