黔西煤中氟与“燃煤型”地方性氟中毒的地球化学研究

Geochemical Study Advance about Fluorine in Coal and "Coal-burning" Endemic Fluorosis from Western Guizhou

本文总结了贵州西部地方性氟中毒的地球化学研究过程，这个过程包括对病区饮用水、煤中氟的丰度、拌煤粘土的认识，经历了从高氟煤到低氟煤，从使用煤拌粘土是个例到普遍现象的认识历程。指出贵州西部晚二叠世煤中氟的含量低，低氟煤不是地方性氟中毒的氟源，真正的氟源是拌煤粘土；在贵州单纯由煤引起的地方性氟中毒是不存在的，至少迄今尚未得到证实。针对贵州地方性氟中毒的新认识，中国矿业大学(北京)开发出了廉价适宜的固(降)氟技术，该技术本着就地取材、易于操作的原则，选择了粘土岩作为煤燃烧的添加剂和制作蜂窝煤用的粘合剂、以灰岩为固氟剂，确定了煤、粘土和灰岩的最佳配比和粒度，固氟率可达65％以上。固(降)技术的大力推广应用，是预防地方性氟中毒的重要途径和措施。

The author in this paper summarized the geochemical study advance about endemic fluorosis from western Guizhou, Southwest China. The study not only includes the understanding of drinking water, abundance of fluorine in coal, and coal-mixed clay in the area of endemic fluorosis, but also the cognition from high fluorine coal to lowfluorine coal and from the exceptional to the general of the clay mixed coal using. The new issues of the endemic fluorosis in western Guizhou indicate that the content of fluorine in coals from Guizhou is low and the low-fluorine coals are not the cause of the fluorosis. The real cause of the endemic fluorosis is the clay used as an additive for coal-burning and as a binder for briquette-making by local residents. Whether or not the endemic fluorosis caused by coal hass not approved up to the present. On the basis of the new issues of endemic fluorosis from western Guizhou, China University of Mining and Technology （Beijing） has developed a cheap and suitable technology for fluorine fixation and reduction. In accordance with principles of materials obtained in the endemic fluorosis areas and technologies easily operated, the clay was selected as an addictive for coal-burning and as a binder for briquettemaking, and the limestone as a fluorine-fixer, and the best ratios and sizes of coal, clay, and limestone were determined. The ratio of fluorine fixation can be as high as more than 65%. The wide applications of the fluorine-fixation technology are the important measures for the prevention of endemic fluorosis.