中国黍稷种质资源研究与利用

Research and Utilization of Proso Millet Germplasm Resource in China

历时22年,从全国23省(区)搜集黍稷种质资源8515份,并进行了16项农艺性状鉴定,编写中国黍稷品种资源目录,繁种入国家长期库贮存。对其中6000余份种质资源进行了蛋白质、脂肪、赖氨酸分析,耐盐鉴定和抗黑穗病鉴定,筛选出一批单一性状突出和综合性状优良的优异资源,有5份直接提供生产利用,其中3份被农业部评为1级和2级优异种质资源,在全国大面积推广种植。优异种质资源提供育种单位利用后在全国培育出43个优良品种,成为当地的主干品种,取得明显的经济和社会效益。

8515 accessions proso millet germplasm have been collected in 23 provinces of China during 22 years. For the germplasm resources which have been stored in the national genebank for long-term conservation, 16 items agriculture characterization evaluation have been finished, and China proso millet germplasm resources index has been compiled. By analyzing the content of protein, fat, lysine and evaluating salt resistance, and dustbrand resistance for more than 6000 accessions germplasm, some elite germplasms whose single or integrated character was outstanding were selected. By further study, 5 accessions high yield elite germplasm have been applied in production. Three accessions were evaluated as the first grade or the second grade elite germplasm by Ministry of Agriculture, and extended to farmers in whole country. By utilizing the elite germplasm, the breeding insti- tutes have bred 43 breeds, which have become main breed in local area, and achieve obvious economic and social benefit.