海口市公立与私立学校中学生主观生活质量及心理健康状况调查

Survey on the subjective quality of life and psychological health of the middle school students at the public and private schools in Haikou city

目的:了解海南省公立与私立学校男、女初中生主观生活质量及心理健康状况之间的差异。方法:调查对象:采用分层整群抽取的方法,抽取海南省海口市两所公立和两所私立中学2001年在校学生2000人。调查工具:①儿少主观生活质量问卷:包括家庭生活、同伴交往、学校生活、生活环境、自我认识、抑郁体验、焦虑体验和躯体情感8个维度。②症状自评量表:包括躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌意、恐怖、偏执和精神疾病共9个基本症状因子,分为5级评分。调查方法:调查时,在宣传动员和预调查的基础上,事先与各学校取得联系,确定调查时间、地点、参加人员随机抽样及要求,采用团体与个体调查相结合,采用同一指导语,让被试者详细了解并掌握答题要求和方法,认真完成调查表各项内容。主要观察指标:①儿少主观生活质量问卷评定结果。②症状自评量表评定结果。③儿少生活质量各因子之间的相关分析。④症状自评量表与儿少生活质量评分的相关分析。结果:回收有效调查表1912份,纳入结果分析。纳入分析的1912人中,男1002人,女910人。公立学校学生1000人,男580人,女420人;其中海口市第一中学学生500人,海口市义龙中学学生500人。私立学校学生912人,男502人,女410人;其中海南国科圆实验学校学生485人,海南景山学校学生427人。①儿少主观生活质量问卷评定结果:私立学校的学生在家庭生活、生活环境等因子的评分高于公立学校学生;在学校生活、抑郁体验、焦虑体验、躯体情感和情感成份等因子的评分低于公立学校的学生,差异均有显著性意义(P均<0.05)。在男女学生的比较,女生的家庭生活、学校生活、认知成分、同伴交往、生活环境、自我认识和总分高于男生,在抑郁体验、焦虑体验、情感成份等评分低于男生,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05～0.01)。私立学校男女生之间生活质量比较总分无差异,女生在家庭生活方面评分高于男生,在认知成份、情感成份方面评分低于男生,差异均有非常显著性(P均<0.01)。公立学校儿少生活质量男女比较,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01),尤其在学校生活和焦虑体验方面差异有非常显著性(P<0.01);在家庭生活、同伴交往、学校生活、生活环境、躯体情感等因子以及总分女生明显高于男生。②症状自评量表评定结果:私立学校的学生各项心理症状因子与总分均高于公立学校的学生,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。公立与私立中学女生在躯体症状、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖和阳性项目数显著高于男生,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。私立学校女生躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖和总分高于男生,公立学校女生抑郁和恐怖高于男生,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.01)。③儿少生活质量各因子之间的相关性:各因子之间均存在一定的相关性。④症状自评量表与儿少生活质量评分的相关性:各因子之间均呈显著负相关(P<0.05～0.01)。结论:公立学校中学生心理健康总体水平比私立学校中学生心理健康水平稍高;公立与私立学校学生存在的共性心理问题突出表现在强迫、人际、偏执和敌对;与男生比较,女生有更多的心理负担;影响学生心理健康的主要生活事件包括学习、人际关系和身体健康问题。

AIM： To survey the difference of subjective quality of life （QOL） and psychological health between the public and private middle schools＇ students. METHODS： Surveyed subjects： 2000 students in two public and two private middle schools in the city of Haikou in Hainan Province in 2001 by the lamination entire group extracts method. Survey tools： ①Children＇s subjective QOL questionnaire： including the family life, the companion associate, the school life, the living conditions, the self-anderstanding, the despondent experience, the anxious experience and the body emotion 8 dimensions. ②Symptom checklist-90 （SCL-90）： including 9 basic symptom factors of somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism, the 5-grade scoring system was used. Survey methods： When investigation, in the propaganda mobilization and in the pre-investigation foundation, beforehand Obtains the relation with various schools, determined the survey time, the place, participate in the personnel random sampling and the request, uses the association and the indivi luaal investigation unifies, uses the identical instruction language, enables testees to understand in detail and to grasp the answer request and the method, earnestly completes each content of examination table. Main outcome measures： ①The evaluated results of children＇s subjective QOL questionnaires. ②The evaluated result of SCL-90. ③The correlation analysis between the various factors of children＇s QOL questionnaire and SCL-90. ④The correlation analysis between the SCL-90 and the children＇s subjective QOL grades. RESULTS： A total of 1 912 effective questionnaires were collected back and were involved in the analysis of results. Of the 1 912 subjects, 1 002 were males and 910 were females; 1 000 students （580 males and 420 females） from public schools, among them, 500 students were from Haikou First Middle School and 500 students were from Haikou Yilong Middle School; 912 students （502 males, 410 females） from private schools, among them, 485 students were from Hainna Guoke Garden Experiment School, 427 students from Ha/nan Jingshan School. ①The evaluated result of children＇s subjective QOL questionnaire： The family life, living condition grades factors of private school student were higher than those in public school student; and the school life, despondent experience, anxious experience, body emotion and emotion ingredient grades factors were lower than those in the public school, the differences were significant （P 〈 0.05）. The family life, school life, the cognition ingredient, the companion associate, the living conditions, the self-understanding and the total scores were significantly higher in female students than in male students, the despondent experience, the anxious experience, the emotion ingredient were significantly lower than in female students than in male students （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. Between private school boys and girls, the total score of QOL had no difference, the female students＇ grade of family life was higher than that of the male students, the cognition ingredient and emotion ingredient grades were lower than those of the male students, there were very significant differences （P 〈 0.01）. The difference of QOL between male and female students in the public school was very significant （P 〈 0,01）, especially the school life and anxious experience （P 〈 0.01）; In the family life, the companion associate, school life, living conditions, body emotion factor as well as the total score, female students obviously were higher than the male students, ②The evaluated results of SCL-90： The private school students＇ each psychological symptom factor and the total score were higher than those of the public school students, the differences were very significant （P 〈 0,01）, In public and the private middle schools, female students＇ somatic symptom, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety and number of positive items were significantly higher than those of male students （P 〈 0.01）. The private school female students＇ somatization, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety and the total score were higher than those of male students, the public school fe- male students＇ score of depression and phobic anxiety were significantly higher than those of male students （P 〈 0.01）. ③The correlation between the various factors of children＇s QOL： Between various factors it has the certain relevance. ④The correlation between the SCL-90 and the children＇s subjective QOL grades： Between various factors had significant negative correlations （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. CONCLUSION： The public middle-school students＇ psychological health level is slightly higher than that of the private middle-school students; Public and private school students have the general character of psychological question prominently displays in the obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation and hostility; Compared with the male students, the female students have more psychological burdens; The main life events that affect the students＇ psychological health are study, interpersonal relationship and the health question.