烟台成年人身体形态与营养健康的关系调查

Correlation of body shape with nutrition and health of adults in Yantai

目的:全面了解烟台成年人的体质与营养健康状况。方法:于2000-01/2002-12采取随机整群抽样,在烟台芝罘区、福山区、牟平区随机抽取20～45岁成年男女1299人作为测试对象。每5岁为1个年龄组,共分为20～24,25～29,30～34,35～39,40～45岁5个年龄组。组织国民体质监测小组,监测人员均经国家规定的培训,选择身高、体质量、胸围、腰围、臀围、上臂皮褶厚度、肩胛皮褶厚度、腰部皮褶厚度等8项形态指标作为测量指标,同时对监测对象进行问卷调查。内容包括健康状况与营养状况。以人体标准体质量指数为胖瘦的判定标准,当体质量指数<20kg/m2为偏瘦,(20～24)kg/m2为正常,(25～29.5)kg/m2为一级肥胖,(30～40)kg/m2为二级肥胖,>40kg/m2为三级肥胖。结果:调查对象1299人均完成形态指标测试和问卷调查,全部进入结果分析。①烟台成年人身高男171cm,女160.6cm,高于全国男女均值。体质量男69.4kg,女60.4kg,高于全国男女均值。体质量随年龄的增长而增加,特别是30～45岁年龄段,城市非体力工作者男性体质量明显高于其他群体。②克托菜指数男406.15,女376.11,高于全国男女均值。女性克托莱指数随年龄增长比男性明显。城市男性非体力克托莱指数高于城市体力工作者,农村及城市体力工作者女性均高于城市非体力工作者。③腰臀比高的高血压发生率明显高于腰臀比低的群体,农村腰臀比为0.85,高血压发生率7.8%,城市体力者腰臀比为0.84,高血压发生率6.2%,城市非体力劳动者腰臀比为0.87,高血压发生率13.2%。④随年龄的增长肥胖发生率增加。男性20～34岁,体质量指数(21.98～24.53)kg/m2时,肥胖发生率为16.2%,35～45岁体质量指数(24.2～25.1)kg/m2,肥胖发生率51.6%,而女性20～34岁体质量指数(21.6～24.1)kg/m2时,肥胖发生率为14.2%,35～45岁体质量指数(25.1～26.72)kg/m2时,肥胖发生率为49.5%,35～45岁的肥胖发生率明显高于20～34岁,男性高于女性。⑤依据皮褶推算的理想体脂百分比为男子15%、女子25%,特别是男性城市非体力工作者25～45岁均超过15%的理想体脂(范围为16.1%～16.9%),女性城市体力工作者30～45岁均超过25%的理想体脂(范围为25.36%～28%)。结论:身体形态与健康关系密切,随体质量及腰臀比的增加,血压增加,男性比女性明显,特别是35岁后体质量及腰臀比和血压增加较快。腰臀比高,高血压发生率明显增加,男性高血压发生率高于女性。

AIM： To overall understand the physical quality and nutrition health status of adults in Yantai. METHODS： From January 2000 to December 2002, 1 299 adults of 20- 45 years old were selected from from Zhifu, Fushan and Muping districts in Yantai city by means of random cluster sampling, every 5 years was taken as an age group, the subjects were divided into 20-24, 25-29, 30- 34, 35-39 and 40-45 years old groups. A civilian physical quality monitoring group was organized, all the monitoring personnel received national rated training, 8 indexes of body shape were measured including body height, body mass, chest, waist and hip circumferences, skinfolds of upper limb, scapula and waist, the subjects were also investigated with questionnaires at the same time, the contents included health and nutrition status. The standard body mass index （BMI） of human body was taken as the standard for the judgment of obesity, BMI 〈 20 kg/m^2 as thinner, 20- 24 kg/m^2 as normal, 25-29.5 kg/m^2 as obesity of grade 1, 30-40 kg/m^2 as obesity of grade 2, 〉 40 kg/m^2 as obesity of grade 3. RESULTS： All the 1 299 subjects finished the body shape measurement and questionnaire inventory, and entered the analysis of results. ①The body height was 171 cm for males and 160.6 cm for females of the adults in Yantai city, which were higher than the national average values for male and female; The body mass was 69.4 kg for males and 60.4 kg for females, which were higher than the national average values, body mass was increased with aging, especially in those aged 30-45 years, the body mass of males participated in non-labor work was obviously higher than in other groups. ②Quetelet index was 406.15 for males and 376.11 for females, which were higher than the national average values. The increase of Quetelet index with aging was more obvious in females than in males. Quetelet index in urban males participated in non-labor work was higher than in those participated in labor work, it was also higher in rural and urban females participated in labor work than in urban females participated in non-labor work. ③The incidence rate of hypertension was higher in the subjects with higher waist-to-hip ratio than in those with lower one, the waist-to-hip ratio was 0.85 in rural subjects, and the incidence rate of hypertension was 7.8%; The waisi-to-hip ratio was 0.87 in urban subjects, and the incidence rate of hypertension was 13.2%. ④The incidence rate of obesity was increased with aging. The incidence rate of obesity was 16.2% in males aged 20-34 years when BMI was （21.98 -24.53） kg/m^2, and it was 51.6% in males aged 35-45 years when BMI was （24.2 -25.1） kg/m^2. The incidence rate of obesity was 14.2% in females aged 20-34 years when BMI was （21.6-24.1） kg/m^2, and it was 49.5% in females aged 35-45 years when BMI was （25.1-26.72） kg/m^2. The incidence rate of obesity was obviously higher in the subjects aged 35-45 years than in those aged 20-34 years, also higher in males than in females. ⑤The ideal body fat percentage calculated according to skin fold was 15% for males and 25 for females, especially in urban males participated in non-labor work, it exceeded 15% （16.1%-16.9%） when they were 15-45 years, in urban females participated in labor work, it exceeded 25% （25.36%-28%） when they were 30-45 years. CONCLUSION： Body shape is closely correlated with health, blood pressure increases with the increases of body mass and waist-to-hip ratio, and it is more obvious in males than in females, the body mass and waistto-hip ratio as well as blood pressure increase faster especially after 35 years old. The higher waist-to-hip ratio leads to the obvious increase of the incidence rate of hypertension, which is higher in males than in females.