体育舞蹈锻炼在中老年人健身活动中的实效性

Actual effect of dance sports on physiological functions of middle-aged and old people during physical fitness activities

目的:分析体育舞蹈运动对中老年人的健身效果。方法:于2003-04/10选择山东省烟台师范学院的每晚都参加60～90min舞蹈锻炼(<1年)中老年人35人为观察对象。每天19∶00点后进行舞蹈锻炼,时间长度60～90min/d。坚持时间6个月。在调查初期和锻炼结束后测试身高、体质量、克托莱指数、体围、体脂、血压、心功指数、肺活量、血色素等指标;并填写自编自我感觉表格,内容包括个人情况和锻炼效果及自我感觉。结果:在锻炼过程中有8名女性在锻炼3个月后因各种客观原因提前退出,进入结果分析27人。①大部分老年人能轻松的在60min内完成10支舞曲,负荷达到65%,锻练后的10s即刻心率从(23.4±1.5)次提高到(23.4±1.6)次。②锻炼后中老年人身体形态、心功能、肺活量功能及血红蛋白均比锻炼前有显著的变化。从身体形态看,大多数肥胖老人变得结实、匀称;心功能方面:安静心率下降[(75.34±8.85),(70.26±8.48)次/min,P<0.01],血压下降(127.22/79.68,116.29/72.23mmHg,P<0.01)。肺活量提高[(2421±533),(2906±584)mL,P<0.01]。③锻炼前后中老年人总体感觉很好的占78%,食欲提高的占81%,睡眠比过去好的占74%,体力精神比以前好的占90%和78%。④停练的中老年女性8名锻炼3个月后与停练6个月后身体形态中的体质量、文莱托指数,腰围、腹围、臀围和体脂百分比均有不同程度增加,心肺功能也有所下降。锻炼期间100%的人食欲、睡眠、体力总体感觉很好。停止锻炼后,总体感觉好的为零,有65%的人感觉差,食欲、睡眠、精神、体力有75%以上的人感到比锻炼时差。结论:持续参加体育舞蹈锻炼的老年人锻炼后可使体态发生明显地改变,身体素质、心肺功能得到明显地提高,精神状态明显地改善。

AIM： To analyze the effect of dance sports on the body building of middle-aged and elderly people. METHODS： Thirty-five middle-aged and elderly persons who participated in dancing exercise of 60-90 minutes （more than 1 year） every night in Yantai Teacher＇s College of Shandong Province were enrolled as observational subjects from April to October 2003. All the subjects participated in dancing exercise at 19：00 in the evening, 60-90 minutes per day and consecutively for 6 months. Measurement of body height, body mass, Quetelet index, body mass index, body fat, blood pressure, heart function index, Haemoglobin, etc. was performed in all the subjects in the initial stage of investigation and after exercise. Then the subjects were asked to fill in the self-made questionnaire of self-sensation including personal information, exercise effect and self-sensation. RESULTS： During the exercise, 8 female subjects were withdrawn from the study for various objective reasons after 3 months, and totally 27 subjects were involved in the result analysis. ①Most persons could complete 10 dances within 60 minutes easily, with 65% loading. Heart rate was increased from 23.4±1.5 to 23.4±1.6 instantly 10 s after exercise. ②After exercise, there were obvious changes in body form, cardiac function, vital capacity, and hemoglobin as compared with before. In the aspect of body form, most people became stout and sharply; resting heart rate was decreased from （75.34±8.85） beats per minute to （70.26±8.48） beats per minute （P 〈 0.01）, and blood pressure decreased from 127.22/ 79.68 to 116.29/72.23 mm Hg, P 〈 0.01）, and vital capacity increased from （2 421±533） to （2 906±584）mL（P 〈 0.01）. ③During the exercise, 78% people felt well, 81% had a better diet, 74% had a better sleep, 90% and 78% felt better in spirit and physical strength than before. ④Body mass, Quetelet index, waistline, abdomen circumference, buttocks circumference and body fat percentage decreased to different extents in the middle-aged and elderly women who had not participated in the exercise for 3 months and 6 months, and cardiac function also had a decreased in them. 100% people felt well in diet, sleep, and body strength in the mass during the exercise. When the subjects stopped participating in the exercise, 0% people felt well in the mass, 65% felt bad and 75% felt a decrease in diet, sleep, spirit and body strength as compared with those during exercise. CONCLUSION： The elderly who persisted in participating in exercise have an obvious change in body form, physical quality, cardiac function and mental state.