运动、激素替代治疗及补钙与骨质疏松的预防

Sports, hormone replacement therapy, and calcium supply in association with the prevention of osteoporosis

目的:评价骨质疏松的指标-骨矿物质密度,并详细地介绍运动、激素替代治疗和补钙在骨质疏松预防中的作用。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline1998-01/2001-12的关于运动与骨质疏松的文章,检索词包括“sports,hormone,calciumsupply,osteoporosispreventing”等,并限定文章语言种类为English。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选择运动与骨质疏松相关的文献,排除重复性研究。资料提炼:共收集到27篇运动与骨质疏松相关的文献,其中涉及运动与骨代谢19篇,补钙、运动与骨质5篇,激素替代治疗与骨质疏松3篇,与本项设计密切相关的20篇,选择7篇用于综述。资料综合:骨矿物质密度指髂骨的骨矿物质密度。有多种测量方法。运动可维护和提高骨矿物质密度,儿童少年经常参加体育运动,可促进骨质的增长,增加骨峰值;中老年坚持体育锻炼,可以保持高质量的骨质。运动可提高需钙阈值,促进钙的吸收。人体维持正常的激素水平,对维持骨健康的作用更重要。结论:在30岁以前,尽可能的促进骨质的增长。在30岁以后,尽量减缓随年龄增加而引起的骨质丢失。有规律的体育锻炼、足量钙的摄入、正常的激素水平是预防骨质疏松的3个必不可少的因素。对于各年龄段的人,预防骨质疏松最理想的运动形式是:多肌肉群参与的动力性运动,运动强度超过70%的有氧运动。

OBJECTIVE： To assess the index of osteoporosis： Bone Mineral Density （BMD） and expound the effects of exercise, hormone replacement therapy and calcium intake in preventing osteoporosis. DATA SOURCES： We searched Medline for articles on sports and osteoporosis published from January 1998 to December 2001, with the key words “sports,hormone, calcium supply, osteoporosis preventing”, etc. in English. STUDY SELECTION： The data were selected primarily. The articles on sports and osteoporosis were included, and those repetitive researches were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION： Totally 27 articles on sports and osteoporosis were collected, including 19 literatures on sports and osteoporosis, 5 articles on sports and bone matrix, 3 literatures on hormone replacement therapy and osteoporosis, 20 articles closely related to this design and 7 collected articles were used for review. DATA SYNTHESIS： BMD refered to iliac BMD. It could be measured with many methods. Sports could prevent and enhance BMD. Children and juvenils taking part in physical exercise often could mak increase of bone matrix and bone peak. Middle and elder people taking part in physical training continuously could keep high-quality bone matrix. Exercise could rise up the liminal value of calcium and accelerate the absorption of calcium. HaYing normal level of hormones of human was important for keeping bone health. CONCLUSION： Before 30 years old, we should try our best to facilitate the increase of bone matrix. After 30 years old, losing of bone matrix induced by increasing age should be deducted. Regular exercises, sufficient calcium intake, maintaining normal hormone level are 3 necessary factors in preventing osteoporosis. The optimal pattern for preventing osteoporosis is dynamic exercise joined by multiple muscles, aerobic exercise with over 70% exercise intensity.