网络心理咨询活动的特点与面临的问题

Characteristics and existing problems of web psychological counseling

目的:网络心理咨询是当今国际心理咨询界出现的新事物,是利用网络及其相关技术开展的心理咨询活动。对网络心理咨询的特点及存在的问题进行总结,期望对心理咨询工作者有所帮助。资料来源:应用计算机检索Blackwell1997-01/2004-12期间与网络心理咨询相关的文章,检索词“WebCounseling,Internet”,限定文章语种类为English。同时检索相关杂志2000-01/2004-12期间有关网络心理咨询的文章,限定文章语种类为中文,检索词“网络心理咨询,互联网”。资料选择:纳入标准为实验研究类文章,对是否应用了随机、盲法、对照等条件未作限制。对观察性文章、经验总结、个案报告等文献不予采用。资料提炼:共收集16篇关于网络心理咨询方面的研究原著,排除8篇重复或一般分析类文章,纳入8篇涉及网络心理咨询的特点及其存在的问题的研究原著。资料综合:经过职业认证和登记注册,拥有从业执照的心理咨询师利用网络,通过电子邮件、视频交流、即时文本传送、网络电话等的单独或者混合使用来为来访者提供心理卫生健康服务。网络心理咨询的特点表现为远程交流、形式多样、服务广泛、优势明显、有益补充,同时网络心理咨询在法律法规、伦理规范、互动实践以及效果评估等方面存在许多需要解决的问题。结论:网络心理咨询有其自身的优势和特点,越来越多的心理咨询师及个体正利用网络进行相关心理服务及心理咨询活动,要实现其健康发展,需要发展和完善网络心理咨询伦理规范、法律法规以及心理健康职业人员与来访者在线互动的实践标准、效果评估标准等。

OBJECTIVE：Web-counseling is a new kind of counseling which uses Internet and related technology in international counseling circle nowadays. To summarize the feature and existing problems of web-counseling in the hope of helping psychological counseling workers. DATA SOURCES：The relevant articles about web-counseling during January 1997 to December 2004 were searched for in Blackwell by inputting the key words “Web-Counseling, Internet” in English. Similarly, the relevant articles about Web-Counseling during January 2000 to December 2004 were searched for in related journals by inputting the above-mentioned key words in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION：The inclusion crition were the articles about experimental study, not restricting whether adopted random, blind and control methods, eta. The observational articles, experience summary, case reports, etc. were exclued. DATA EXTRACTION：Totally 16 original articles related to web-counseling were collected. Eight repetitive or common analysis articles were excluded. Eight articles on characteristics of web-counseling and its existing problems were included. DATA SYNTHESIS：Through professional conformity certification and registration, certified web-counselors whom own licensure provided the practice of psychological health counseling that occurred over one or more ways： Internet, including e-mail, text exchange, video-communication and telephone over IP, etc. The characteristics of web counseling included telecommunication, lots of forms, wide services, over-advantages and good complement. Meanwhile, web-counseling had many problems needing to be solved： legal rule, ethical standard, practice and evaluation issues, etc. CONCLUSION：The Web-coundseling has advantage and characteristics. More and more psychological counselors and individuals offer relative psychological serves and psychological counseling activities by Internet. Ethical standard, legal rule, practice between counselors and interviewees with result evaluation, etc. of psychological counseling should be developed and perfected, in order to realize its sound development.