油田生产设施环境安全距离理论与估算方法初探

Studies on the Theory and Estimation Methods of Environmental Safety Distance of the Production Facilities in Oil Fields

石油生产会带来各种不利的环境影响,甚至造成许多重大安全隐患,并由此对区域生态环境构成严重威胁。对此笔者提出环境安全距离概念及其理论模型,并结合油田主要生产设施的环境影响分析,给出了油田生产过程中气体污染物排放、噪声污染、井喷、管线泄漏和火灾爆炸的环境安全距离估算方法,从而为减轻油田生产的潜在环境影响和损害,解决城市规划建设与油田已建设施之间的矛盾和确保油田生产的环境安全提供科学依据和管理对策。

During the process of oil production, some negative environmental impacts are usually brought about together with environmental risks. With the development of cities, especially those built originally upon the oil fields, the conflicts between urban planning of these cities and the production facilities of oil fields have become increasingly protruding,and even resulted in increased potential of environmental hazards that in turn constitute serious threats to the ecological environment of the cities. In order to ensure the safe production of oil fields and the ecological security of cities, the concept and the theoretical model of environmental safety distance are set up to prevent the sensitive or valuable environmental components from the potential environmental impacts or hazards brought about by the production facilities in oil fields. The methods or models for estimating the environmental safety distances are established in terms of the major environmental pollutions or risks including exhausts, noise, well blowout, leakage of pipes, fire and blast. They provide scientific bases and measures for developing environmental safety management, mitigating the potential environmental hazards during the oil production and preventing the conflicts.