民工的心理紧张和心理健康状况

Stress and mental health of farmer-workers

目的探讨民工的心理紧张和心理健康状况及其相互关系.方法使用自编的民工心理紧张源量表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行测查.结果民工体验到的居于第1位的心理紧张源是经济负担、权益保护和待遇负荷心理紧张源.民工年龄和文化程度组间心理紧张水平存在差异.总的来说,29岁以下的民工体验到的心理紧张最大,30～39岁的民工次之,40岁以上的民工体验到的心理紧张最小.除了人际关系紧张源评分高中以上文化程度大于文盲和初中以下文化程度外,其他紧张源和心理紧张水平总评分,均为文盲或高中以上文化程度较大,初中以下文化程度较小.民工的心理健康状况从总体上来讲低于全国平均水平.至少存在一项以上阳性症状因子的民工占12.3%,因子的检出率从1.9%到6.5%不等.大部分心理紧张源对民工的心理问题有明显的正向预测作用.结论部分民工存在心理健康问题,心理紧张是影响民工心理健康状况的重要因素.

Objective To study the farmer-workers＇ stress, their mental health and the effect of stress on mental health. Methods The Stressors Scale and SCL-90 were used for the test in a sample of 500 farmer-workers. Results The primary mental stressors of the farmer-workers were economic burden, protection of their rights and interests and working condition ＆ load. There was difference in the degree of stress among the age groups and the groups of the degree of education. Farmer-workers under 29 years old experienced the most mental stress, those between 30 years old and 39 years old experienced less, and those above 40 years old experienced the least mental stress. In the Interpersonal Relationship Stress Scale, the scores of those with senior middle school education or above were higher than those with junior middle school education or even illiterate. But the scores in all other stress scale and the total stress .scores were different： the scores of those illiterate and those with senior middle school education or above, were higher than those with junior middle school education or lower. The mental health status of the farmer-workers was lower than the norm. The farmer-workers with at least one positive symptom factor accounted for 12.30% with the detectable rate of the factors of SCL-90 ranging from 1.9% to 6.5% .Most stressors could predict the mental health of the farmer-workers positively and remarkably. Conclusion Some farmer-workers have mental disorders. Mental stress plays an important role in the mental health of the farmer-workers.